Suchergebnisse

The Greek-Turkish territorial conflict in the Republic of Cyprus has been one of the most difficult situations in the Eastern Mediterranean region for more than forty years. At the same time, the "Cyprus Dispute" remains one of the largest regional problems within the European Union, as Cyprus has become a full member of the united European community since 2004. The problem is complicated by the fact that armed collision between the Greco-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot communities during the active phase was accompanied by numerous victims on the both sides, including civil population. Third parties have been involved in the Cyprus question, as the Turkish Republic and the Hellenic Republic. In its turn, the European Union, as an actor, historically makes a significant contribution to the attempt to resolve the Greek-Turkish conflict. Rather complicated at the present stage relations between the EU and Turkey, which have undergone special cooling in recent years, affect regulation of the problem. Despite the fact, that the "Cyprus dispute" was settled by the joint efforts of the United Nations and the uropean Union, which strive to help the two communities of Cyprus, the tensions between the Cypriot Greeks and the Cypriot Turks still lasts. Thus, the Greek-Turkish territorial conflict in the Republic of Cyprus remains an acute problem of regional security, and the issue of its diplomatic regulation is relevant to the present moment.

This small book is based on the papers and discussions presented at the International Colloquium held on April 11, 2008 on the Nanterre campus of The University of Paris, where scholars and activists gathered to discuss "La guerre, la résistance, et le contre-résistance dans l'histoire contemporaine". In this short anthology, we introduce this subject by giving an historical perspective of instances of resistance and counter-resistance to wars and social struggles involving the United States ...

This article attempts to discuss the new technologies introduced in Russian state earlier in the state formation. In the second half of the last century, a well-defined and stable historiographical tradition was formed, proceeding from the fact that the early-modern Russian state was centralized, unified in administrative and institutional aspects. However, recently this fact has been criticized. In this article the authors propose to look at the essence of the early-modern Russian state from the inside. In their opinion, the Russian state of this time was undecentralized. Developing in an evolutionary way about relying on antiquity, it preserved many relics of the past. They imposed certain restrictions on the supreme power, preventing the buildup of power infrastructure. Weak institutionally, early modern Russian state was forced to rely on the support of society. As a result, the authors summarize their reasoning, the processes of centralization in Russia were still far from complete by the end of the early New Age.

Lloyd Gartner presents, in chronologically-arranged chapters, the story of the changing fortunes of the Jewish communities of the Old World (in Europe and the Middle East and beyond) and their gradual expansion into the New World of the Americas. The book starts in 1650, when there were no more than one and a quarter million Jews in the world (less than a sixth of the number at the start of the Christian era). Gartner leads us through the traditions, religious laws, communities and their interactions with their neighbours, through the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and into Emancipation