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Rational actor theory and the facts of political participation have long been in an uneasy relationship. Many citizens vote and take part in other political activities when theory would predict that they would take a free ride. This paper draws on several analyses of citizen participation for some of which rational actor theory is quite useful and for others it is less so. It attempts to specify the conditions under which the theory is applicable. It concludes that rational actor theory is more potent when applied to issues of cost rather than benefits or when the goals of participation can be specified in a clear manner and one can measure their degree of attainment.

Rational actor theory & the facts of political participation have long been in an uneasy relationship. Many citizens vote & take part in other political activities when theory would predict that they would take a free ride. This paper draws on several analyses of citizen participation, for some of which rational actor theory is quite useful, & for others it is less so. It attempts to specify the conditions under which the theory is applicable. It concludes that rational actor theory is more potent when applied to issues of cost rather than benefits or when the goals of participation can be specified in a clear manner & one can measure their degree of attainment. 5 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

Activists are the engines of social movements. What spurs their activism? This article scrutinizes the role of civic participation in stimulating political action. We examine how the type of voluntary organization, scope of involvement and intensity of activity relate to political activity. Contrary to existing studies that collapse noninstitutional political activities into a single measure, we differentiate collective activities from individualized activities, enabling us to investigate how the type, intensity and scope of civic participation differentially stimulate political activities. Our sample included 14,787 participants in 71 street demonstrations. We show that membership and interest in activist organizations stimulates political activity, especially for those actively involved and especially for collective noninstitutionalized activities, while membership in leisure organizations only stimulates individualized political activities, but not collective activities. We therefore conclude that civic participation is a multifaceted phenomenon associated with various political activities in different ways.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To reflect on the scope of the working process in nurse participation political activities as a possibility for expanding its performance. Methods: this is a reflective study, supported by the discursive elaboration on the nursing participation political activities and work process, structured through concepts, theoretical perspectives and practices based on the experiences described in references. Results: studies on this process demonstrate that nurses need sensitivity to understand the complexity of their social practice. Final Considerations: in their professional actions, nurses must mobilize political resources, making their knowledge, skills and attitudes available to their practices, aiming at power and improvement of conditions for the work of Nursing.

A brief overview is provided of how American fans have used Captain America in their political activity, and the implications of their political appropriation are explored.

A brief overview is provided of how American fans have used Captain America in their political activity, and the implications of their political appropriation are explored.

Drawing upon findings from an ethnographic study conducted in crisis-ridden Greece, this article explores consumer participation in the informal economy and illustrates the diversity of political discourse embedded within this type of economic activity. The study focused on 24 consumers from three distinctive theoretical categories (termed 'ethical consumers', 'active citizens' and 'disqualified consumers') and involved a variety of data collection methods (including observation, kitchen tours, shop-along and interviews). Empirical evidence demonstrates that to fully appreciate consumer activity and consumer agency in the informal economy, it is imperative to recognise informal modes of acquisition and exchange that do not resemble formal market transactions.

Indicators of regular public opinion surveys are analysed in the aspect of political activity. The main attention of analysis was focused on the indicators of voting preferences 'will not vote', 'don't know' and 'no answer', also on frequencies of mentioning popular politicians in an open question, neutral answers to questions about trust in President and Seimas. The empirical basis of the paper is surveys conducted in 1989–2020 and the joined file of eleven surveys in 2019. The analysis of the data shows the difference in the answers 'don't know who to vote for' before and after the elections: after the elections a considerably bigger part of respondents have their opinion on voting preferences. In an open question 'Which politicians, in your opinion, best represent your interests?', the highest result was fixed in 1989–1990, in the time of the highest political activity in society, and the lowest was fixed in the 20s. The neutral evaluations of President are in a close connection with positive attitudes to this institution and the neutral evaluations of Seimas are in a close relation with negative attitudes to this institution.

The results of some research by the authors, members of the faculty at New York University, are unpleasant to the many who believe political activity can be engendered by one or another method of pedagogy.

Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the nurses who gave their time to participate in the workplace intervention development steps. The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. The views expressed are those of the authors alone. Funding This work was funded through a Medical Research Council doctoral training award. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Strengthening the idea of national ideology in the period of radical social changes in the country is inextricably linked with the process of national identity of the Uzbek people, national identity, the growth of political culture - a progressive phenomenon, an important achievement of national independence. At present, the socio-economic essence of the Uzbek people's development, its spiritual activity has become a key factor in the search for ways of national awakening, development and improvement of national identity, which will become a powerful force only if they know and understand the history, culture and spirituality.