Suchergebnisse

THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF MODERN JAPAN IS PUNCTUATED BY A SERIES OF DEBATES, OR RONSO, EACH MARKING THE EMERGENCE OF CONCERN ABOUT A PARTICULAR PROBLEM AND CARRYING THAT CONCERN TO A HIGHER LEVEL OF INTENSITY, IF NOT ALWAYS UNDERSTANDING. MAJOR RONSO OF THE POSTWAR PERIOD HAVE FOCUSSED ON THE TOPICS OF SHOWA HISTORY, THE EMPEROR SYSTEM, MASS SOCIETY, AND OTHER ISSUES, BUT ONE OF THE EARLIEST AND MOST IMPORTANT OF THEM WAS THE DEBATE ON SUBJECTIVITY, OR SHUTAISEI. THAT CONTROVERSY WAS PARTICULARLY NOTEWORTHY, AS I WILL ARGUE BELOW, NOT MERELY BECAUSE IT REVEALED A PIVOTAL DIMENSION OF POSTWAR INTELLECTUAL CONSCIOUSNESS, BUT ALSO BECAUSE IT ESTABLISHED IN FINAL FORM THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND VOCABULARY FOR A MODE OF POLITICAL CRITICISM THAT EVEN TODAY OFTEN RECOMMENDS ITSELF TO THOSE WHO ATTEMPT TO MAKE SENSE OF JAPANESE POLITICS. THIS PAPER WILL DESCRIBE ASPECTS OF THE CONTEXT SURROUNDING THE ORIGINAL DEBATE, SUMMARIZE ANALYTICALLY ITS HIGHLIGHTS, AND PRESENT THROUGH THE USE OF EXAMPLES THE MAIN FEATURES OF "MODERNISM" AS THE RESULTANT MODE OF POLITICAL CRITICISM. IN CONCLUSION, I WILL SPECULATE ON THE POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE MODERNIST CRITIQUE.

THE DEBATES OVER THE SUCCESSES AND LIMITATIONS OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT IN NORTH AFRICA SWIRL AROUND HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE NON-WESTERN WORLD. THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE EXTENT THAT THE INVESTMENT ROLES FOR STATE LEADERSHIP AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE ARE A SUBSTITUTE FOR IN THE CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS. IT EXAMINES THE IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AND OIL PRODUCTION.

AFTER A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCERNS OF THE DISCIPLINE OF POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY, THIS PAPER OUTLINES THE HISTORY AND CURRENT OUTPUT OF POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY STUDIES IN POLAND. MUCH OF POLISH POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY WORKS TO DEFEND POLAND'S CURRENT BOUNDARIES AGAINST THE ATTACKS OF GERMAN GEOPOLITICIANS. THE CURRENT CONCERNS OF POLISH WORLD GEOGRAPHY RECOGNIZE THREE RANGES OF PROBLEMS AS SIGNIFICANT: THE COEXISTENCE OF THE NATIONAL AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS, THE INTERNAL SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE, AND EXISTENTIAL CAPABILITIES OF SMALL NATIONAL STATES.

ORIGINATING IN A DEBATE ON POLITICAL REALISM WITH THE LATE HANS MORGENTHAU, THIS ARTICLE PURPORTS TO REANALYZE SOME BASIC CONCEPTS UNDERLYING TRADITIONAL REALISM IN THE LIGHT OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THAT ARE INDICATED BY THE TERMS POPULATION PRESSURE, RESOURCES DEPLETION, ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION, & ARMAMENT RACES.

The polarized debate on the future of the nation-state in common markets singularly focuses on who controls supranational decision making. Scholars of the European Union (EU) have long disagreed over the extent to which nation-states control the European Commission. It is contended that common markets can erode the authority of the nation-state through a second venue: with the promulgation of rules that, on proper implementation, reach deep into national legislative & administrative authority & strip the nation-state of its ability to regulate important aspects of social life. When viewed from this perspective, the nation-state appears strangely positioned. The EU & Mercosur states at times yield to, & at times refuse, transnational rules. An explanation for these implementation patterns is proposed that should contribute more to a genuine understanding of current state-market conditions than any additional claim for or against the hegemony of common markets. The hypothesis is institutional, centering on the challenges that transnational rules pose regarding policy legacies & interest group organization of nation-states. To test the hypothesis, it is applied to the EU & the fate of a major environmental directive in Italy, GB, & Spain. 3 Tables, 103 References. Adapted from the source document.