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This book provides a detailed rationale for the creation of ombudsman offices; suggestions for structuring and documenting an ombudsman program and how to address issues that arise in litigation; a comprehensive presentation of various legal issues associated with organizational ombudsman programs;and numerous examples of how ombudsmen function in their organizations to illustrate how they are effective in addressing issues that people would not otherwise raise

An Ombudsman has been advocated for Australia, but none has been established there, mainly because of opposition from politicians who fear the loss of electoral advantages to be gained from case-work. In New Zealand, the office was instituted in 1962, and has become firmly established. The main features of the New Zealand Act are considered under the headings "Area of Activity," "Discretionary Exclusions," "Basis for Intervention," and "Remedies," "Sanctions," and "Procedure." Under the heading "The Ombudsman and His Work," attention is drawn to the personal qualities which have made the first New Zealand Ombudsman, Sir Guy Powles, a success, and the form of his annual reports is described. These reports present a classification which is mainly departmental, and which emphasizes the proportion of complaints found justified and unjustified. But the reports also give summary accounts of about eighty cases in each year, in a manner facilitating juristic analysis of the way in which the Ombudsman discharges his functions. Under the heading "The Jurisprudence of the Ombudsman," attention is drawn to legal classifications under which the cases may be arranged, corresponding to general principles of estoppel, promissory estoppel, quasi-estoppel, equity, tort, quasi-tort and quasi-contract.

Includes discussion of difficulties developing countries face in implementing the ombudsman system.

"This book explores the work of the European Ombudsman and her or his contribution to holding the EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies to account, through examination of complaints on maladministration, own-initiative inquiries and other proactive efforts. It considers the Ombudsman's current institutional and constitutional position and her or his 'method' of dealing with complaints, and unravels the depth of subject matters that fall under the Ombudsman's remit. A separate chapter focuses on transparency and access to documents. The last part of the book critically reflects upon the present mandate and practice of the Ombudsman, and discusses a number of possible proposals for improvement. This work has interdisciplinary appeal and will engage scholars in law, political science and public administration, as well as EU and national policy-makers."--

The Ombudsman of Utrecht University in the Netherlands made a study trip to Canada in the spring of 2016. He visited 12 universities in order to gather best practises at the Offices of Canadian ombudspersons. The major principles namely Independence, impartiality and confidentiality were described. Also the funding of the Offices of the ombudspersons and the target groups of ombudspersons are drawn. After having spoken with Canadian ombudspersons comparisons were made between the work of Canadian and Dutch ombudspersons. It appeared that there are more differences than similarities. An important similarity is that in both countries governments are not proactively advancing the value of ombudswork for students, staff and faculty by recommending that ombudspersons be established on all campuses.

The creation of the office of ombudsman in the Secretariat of the United Nations (UN) is discussed, sketching the long history of efforts & actions undertaken within this organization to realize calls for better governance by both its critics & supporters; the series of resolutions & reforms that led to its creation is outlined . After mentioning the Swedish origin of the term ombudsman, explaining its meaning as "representative," & commenting on its gender-neutral use in two variant forms -- ombudsman & ombudsperson -- the procedure in place for handling complaints in the past is critiqued, pointing out its shortcomings & ineffectiveness. Patricia Durrant is presented as the first UN ombudsman/ombudsperson available to clients via Intranet & Internet (www.un.org/ombudsman), & the investigation & resolution of complaints by the UN ombudsman office are examined; a list of the duties, conditions, & prerogatives contained in the ombudsman mandate is compiled. The functioning of the UN ombudsman is also compared with that of similar offices in other world organizations. Z. Dubiel

This article identifies and examines various types of the ombudsman institution that have evolved over the years, provides a clear and systematic classification of these models, and compares and contrasts them. Relatively recent developments can be better understood if they are also discussed in the light of the past. For this reason at the beginning of this article, the origin, development, and salient features of the original/classical model of the ombudsman institution are briefly discussed. Against this backdrop, the emerging pattern and the salient features of other types or deviant/distorted models of ombudsman offices are examined.