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Contents: Development through democracy, by Luis Muñoz Marín; Puerto Rico and American policy toward dependent areas, by Rupert Emerson; From colony to commonwealth, by Antonio Fernós-Isern; Congressional conservatism and the commonwealth relationship, by Pedro Muñoz Amato; The commonwealth constitution, by Victor Gutiérrez-Franqui and Henry Wells; The world significance of the new constitution, by C. J. Friedrich.

THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF HONG KONG HAS EVOLVED INTO A UNIQUE STRUCTURE, CONDITIONED BY THE FACT THAT THE TERRITORY IS NOT, AND NEVER WILL BE, AN INDEPENDENT STATE. THIS ARTICLE TRACES FOUR BROAD MODELS IN HONG KONG'S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT: THE COLONIAL MODEL, THE CONSULTATIVE MODEL, THE TRANSITIONARY MODEL, AND THE FUTURE BASIC LAW MODEL (OUTLINED WITHIN THE TRANSITIONARY MODEL). DESPITE BELATED BRITISH EFFORTS TO MOVE IN THE DIRECTION OF DEMOCRACY, CHINA, WHICH OPPOSES SUCH REFORMS AND WHICH IS SUSPICIOUS OF HONG KONG AS A SUBVERSIVE FORCE, HAS THE UPPER HAND. ALTHOUGH REFORM FORCES ARE INCREASINGLY MARGINALIZED, THERE IS ROOM FOR RESTRAINED OPTIMISM.

Henders reviews 'Political Development in Macau' by Lo Shiu Hing.

Der Autor untersucht Verhältnis bzw. Kongruenz von offizieller politischer Struktur und dominanter politischer Kultur der DDR, das Verhältnis zwischen sozio-politischer Stabilität des Regimes und der sich wandelnden politischen Kultur und die Interaktion von traditioneller deutscher politischer Kultur vor 1945 sowie offizieller und alternativer Kultur der DDR. (BIOst-Klk)

THE COMPLELXITY OF POLITICAL RHETORIC OF POLITICIANS IN A POLICY-MAKING AND OPPOSITION ROLE IS EXAMINED. SPEECHES BY MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION PARTIES IN THE CANADIAN HOUSE OF COMMONS FROM 1948 TO 1988 WERE SCORED IN TERMS OF THEIR INTEGRATIVE COMPLEXITY. RESULTS INDICATED THAT INDIVIDUALS IN A POLICY-MAKING ROLE MADE SPEECHES THAT WERE MORE COMPLEX THAN THOSE MADE BY INDIVIDUALS IN AN OPPOSITION ROLE. THE COMPLEXITY OF GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION RHETORIC WAS RELATED TO HOW MUCH TIME HAD PASSED SINCE THE LAST ELECTION. RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO THE DIFFERENTIAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF THOSE IN A POLICY-MAKING AND OPPOSITION ROLE.

"Italian unification" is an old phrase, today acquiring new meaning. Whatever Garibaldi would have thought of D'Annunzian and Fascist squadrism, however Cavour would have viewed the modern cult of Machiavelli, avowed by Mussolini, one may be sure that Mazzini would have been shocked at the chauvinist absolutism now proudly boasted by the Fascist régime: absolutism in the sense of an executive guided by its own intuitions and conscience, free from political criticism or parliamentary control; absolutism also in a sense for which English words are wanting, except as we boldly transliterate, and hope that "intransigence," "totalitarianism," will be understood to mean an all-inclusive hundredpercentedness. Italy is called by Mussolini "monolithic," all of one piece, tolerating anti-Fascist criticism no more than other states tolerate treason; all in and for Fascism, nothing against Fascism. Indeed, Fascism, without ceasing to be a party, has become the state. For parties in Edmund Burke's sense there is supposed to be no more need than for the factions Washington abhorred. Opposition such as is normal in the Cavourian scheme of parliamentary government—responsible critics, loyal and ready to take their turn in governing—is superfluous, a mere obstacle or obstruction to efficiency. None is permitted—in parliament, in press, in platform, or even in theory.What has just been said is presented, not by way of judging, but only of summarizing, the attitude firmly (courageously or arrogantly, according to the observer's prejudices) maintained by the powers that be in Italy today. The recent months have seen several important steps taken in the direction of institutional realization of this view.

This research paper was aims to explore the dimensions of the political development that are closely related to the existence of a political system that is confronted with progressive social and political changes. Democracy as the pillar of the implementation of constitutional government is a form of political development idealism which in its implementation moves dynamically and synergizes with the prevailing political system. As one manifestation of democratic implementation, political institutionalization is the most important part in the implementation of democratic governance. The role of political parties in all countries including in Indonesia, in the plain view, coloring the political dynamics of the government. Understanding political development certainly will not be separated from the social transformation, because social changes that was occur in society also move rapidly, but on the other hand the reality of public political education is not in line with the political changes that occur due to the swift external factors including the development of foreign politics. In this critical study, certainly not all dimensions of political development will be discussed but try to express the ideas was related to democracy, political parties in the perspective of political education which includes democracy, political parties and the problem, the reality of public political education. the link between democracy, political parties and political education is at the core of this study.