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AbstractThe term knowledge management system (KMS) has been used widely to denote information and communication technologies in support of knowledge management. However, so far investigations about the notion of KMS, their functions and architecture as well as the differences to other types of systems remain on an abstract level. This paper reviews the literature on KMS and distills a number of characteristics concerning the specifics of knowledge to be managed, the platform metaphor, advanced services, KM instruments, supported processes, participants and goals of their application. The paper then presents two ideal architectures for KMS, a centralized and a peer‐to‐peer architecture, discusses their differences with the help of two example systems and suggests that each of these architectures fits a different type of KM initiative. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The global inter-networking infrastructure that has become essential for contemporary day-to-day computing and communication tasks, has also enabled the deployment of several large-scale data sharing overlays. Communities collaboratively aggregate and distribute file and storage resources either in the controlled environment of the Grid, or hidden under the anonymity cloak created by peer-to-peer protocols. Both designs exhibit unique properties and characteristics: Peer-to-peer algorithms address the formation of vast, heterogeneous and dynamic sharing networks, while Grids focus on policy enforcement and accounting features. A distributed data management facility that will assimilate respective practices has been envisioned by numerous related research initiatives, especially when there is a need to incorporate disperse resources in large pools, without relinquishing participants of their respective rights. In this paper, we describe the Distributed File Services (DFS) architecture -a peer-to-peer service overlay, which allows distinct administrative entities to form arbitrary file distribution relationships. Each DFS peer can be uniquely authenticated and maintains direct control of its own namespace and storage assets by defining corresponding authorization directives and policies. The peer-to-peer nature of the system allows for scalable deployment and resource allocation, either in a stand-alone scenario or in the Grid context. Moreover, we introduce the notion of a ""web of files"", as a non-hierarchical, global-scale namespace of distributed data collections and elaborate on a prototype implementation that features novel semantics for integrating our architectural principles and concepts into the operating system level. © 2007 IEEE.

A specter is haunting the world: the specter of peer to peer. The existing economic system is trying to co-opt it, but it is also a harbinger of a new type of human relationship, and may in the end be incompatible with informational capitalism.

In this article we propose the notion of collaborative individualization (henceforth, C.I.) as a means of characterizing young people's attempts to define their identities as simultaneously self-reliant and in need of support and collaboration. Our arguments are based on the findings of a transnational case study: a recent Council of Europe policy project called Edgeryders, an online platform whose participants were invited to discuss their experience of attempting to achieve 'fully independent adulthood'. In light of findings which suggest that individualization amongst the young might take forms which are more collaborative than self-focused, we argue that youth scholars ought to rethink the assumptions made about the nature of individualization in youth transitions. We propose that such theorizations should embrace the potential described by C.I. in order to provide constructive responses to young people's changing socio-economic needs, and refocus attention on young people's situatedness within the communities many are demonstrably committed to working with and for.

The active participation of small-scale prosumers and consumers with demand-response capability and renewable resources can be a potential solution to the environmental issues and flexibility-related challenges. A local peer-to-peer market is proposed to exploit the maximum flexibility potential of prosumers. In this local market, network users can trade with each other as well as the grid. The proposed trading model includes two levels to consider both the democracy and the profitability of energy trading. At the first level, the model considers the trading preferences of each player to respect the peers' choices. The second level matches the rest of the bids and offers of the local buyers and sellers aiming to maximize the social welfare of all of the players participating in the local market. Our proposed local market is implemented for a test system consisting of fifteen residential players, and the results are compared to other trading models through different comparison criteria such as social-welfare of all players and the net cost of each individual player from consuming electricity. Simulation results for the case study demonstrate that the proposed local market model can still be profitable and liquid while respecting the players' trading preferences and choices. ; ©2021 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; This work was undertaken as part of the FLEXIMAR project (novel marketplace for energy flexibility) with financial support provided by Business Finland (Grant No. 6988/31/2018) as well as Finnish companies. ; fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|