Suchergebnisse

This volume presents a selection of the best current work in the history of early modern philosophy. It focuses on the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries - the extraordinary period of intellectual flourishing that begins, very roughly, with Descartes and his contemporaries and ends with Kant.

This Encyclopedia offers a fresh, integrated and creative perspective on the formation and foundations of philosophy and science in European modernity. Combining careful contextual reconstruction with arguments from traditional philosophy, the book examines methodological dimensions, breaks down traditional oppositions such as rationalism vs. empiricism, calls attention to gender issues, to ?insiders and outsiders?, minor figures in philosophy, and underground movements, among many other topics. In addition, and in line with important recent transformations in the fields of history of science and early modern philosophy, the volume recognizes the specificity and significance of early modern science and discusses important developments including issues of historiography (such as historical epistemology), the interplay between the material culture and modes of knowledge, expert knowledge and craft knowledge. This book stands at the crossroads of different disciplines and combines their approaches ? particularly the history of science, the history of philosophy, contemporary philosophy of science, and intellectual and cultural history. It brings together over 100 philosophers, historians of science, historians of mathematics, and medicine offering a comprehensive view of early modern philosophy and the sciences. It combines and discusses recent results from two very active fields: early modern philosophy and the history of (early modern) science.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Phenomenology -- The Inextinguishable Task -- Against Born Dogmatists -- Transcendental Interiority -- The European Crisis -- Critical Friendship and Enmity -- French Phenomenology -- No Raison d'Être? -- Notes -- Suggested Readings -- Bibliography -- 2 Ontology -- Being, Not Beings -- Always, We Ourselves -- Existential Analysis -- Other Minds -- Understanding -- Authenticity and Inauthenticity -- Back to the Things Themselves -- Nonnaturalistic Time -- A Criticism -- Popular Existentialism -- The Last Word -- Notes -- Suggested Readings -- Bibliography -- 3 Social Epistemology -- Epistemology as Sociology -- Social Ontology -- Against the Observer, the Native -- Scientific Holism -- How to Read -- Notes -- Suggested Readings -- Bibliography -- 4 Interpretation -- Against Method -- Bridge to Realities -- Holding True -- Vicious and Virtuous Circles -- Nothing if Not Critical -- In Defense of a Method -- Transcendental Arguments -- Notes -- Suggested Readings -- Bibliography -- 5 The New Sophists -- Clumsy Butchers -- The Encoded Eye -- The Fabric of Sentences -- Destruction -- Notes -- Suggested Readings -- Bibliography -- Conclusion -- Index

Contemporary Directions -- The Spirit of Contemporary American Philosophy -- Sankara's Epistemology: A New Direction for the West? -- Explanation and Behavior -- Accounting for the Failure of Behaviorism -- Ritual: A Whiteheadian Interpretation -- Explanation and Language -- Berkeley and Religious Language -- Emmanuel Levinas' Philosophy of Language -- The Physical-Taint Objection -- Explanation and Philosophical Systems -- The Certainty of the Cogito and the Existence of God -- Reconciliation of Freedom and Nature in Kant's Third Critique -- Explanation and Religion -- Existential Interpretation and the Problem of God in the Theology of Fritz Buri.

Intro -- Contents -- 1: The Utilitarians: Bentham and Mill -- 2: The Individual: Keirkegaard and Nietzsche -- 3: Pragmatism: James and Dewey -- 4: Process Philosophy: Bergson and Whitehead -- 5: Analytic Philosophy: Russell, Logical Positivism, and Wittgenstein -- 6: Husserl and Heidegger -- 7: Existentialism: Sartre, de Beauvoir, and Camus -- Notes -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Further Reading -- Picture Credits -- Index.

This book presents seventeen of Nicholas Jolley's essays on early modern philosophy. They focus on two main themes: the debate over the nature of causality; and the issues posed by Descartes' innovations in the philosophy of mind. Together, they show that philosophers in the period are systematic critics of their contemporaries and predecessors.

Model theory is an important area of mathematical logic which has deep philosophical roots, many philosophical applications, and great philosophical interest in itself. The aim of this book is to introduce, organise, survey, and develop these connections between philosophy and model theory, for the benefit of philosophers and logicians alike.