AbstractHousing demand continues to increase along with the increase in economic activity and the number of residents in the city of Balikpapan according to the 2017 Central Statistics Agency as many as 636,012 people to 645,727 people. The increase in housing demand is driven by the community's perspective that home ownership must be met while housing availability is limited. Based on the Balikpapan City Government in the 2012 Regional Spatial Plan, the plan to develop a spatial pattern of cultivation areas is more directed towards the north and east parts of the city so that population growth and development are not concentrated in the city center. This is a challenge for housing providers to meet the needs of long-lived communities and migrant communities by building housing located in the East of Balikpapan City as a place to live. The increase in land prices is so high in Balikpapan due to the movement of the capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, making housing prices also higher. The limited land owned by the housing developer must be utilized as well as possible for the construction of housing units, construction of facilities, and the existence of green space in the housing according to government regulations related to Balikpapan City RTRW. Land owned by housing developers that vary in shape is extremely limited with the type of house being built also varies and the price of the unit offered is different for each unit. For this reason, the developer must be able to optimize the production of the type of house that will be built based on government regulations and the National Spatial Plan, optimizing the land to get the optimum profit. This optimization uses the assistive application of QM for Windows and obtained 98 units for type 40/120 and type 45/120 for 102 units with optimum profit yielding Rp 104,292,098,201 for the BEP method. Keywords: Optimization; QM For Windows; Unit.
Geflüchtete Menschen in Aufnahmeeinrichtungen und Gemeinschaftsunterkünften waren und sind im besonderen Maße von der Corona-Pandemie betroffen, da die vorgefundenen Wohnbedingungen einen kaum ausreichenden Infektionsschutz zulassen. Durch die Pandemie haben sich die strukturellen Problematiken, die mit der gesetzlichen Verpflichtung zur Unterbringung in Sammelunterkünften einhergehen, verschärft und der Handlungsbedarf für eine menschenrechtskonforme Unterbringung wurde überdeutlich.
Type II dehydroquinase enzymes (DHQ2), recognized targets for antibiotic drug discovery, show significantly different activities dependent on the species: DHQ2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtDHQ2) and Helicobacter pylori (HpDHQ2) show a 50-fold difference in catalytic efficiency. Revealing the determinants of this activity difference is important for our understanding of biological catalysis and further offers the potential to contribute to tailoring specificity in drug design. Molecular dynamics simulations using a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics potential, with correlated ab initio single point corrections, identify and quantify the subtle determinants of the experimentally observed difference in efficiency. The rate-determining step involves the formation of an enolate intermediate: more efficient stabilization of the enolate and transition state of the key step in MtDHQ2, mainly by the essential residues Tyr24 and Arg19, makes it more efficient than HpDHQ2. Further, a water molecule, which is absent in MtDHQ2 but involved in generation of the catalytic Tyr22 tyrosinate in HpDHQ2, was found to destabilize both the transition state and the enolate intermediate. The quantification of the contribution of key residues and water molecules in the rate-determining step of the mechanism also leads to improved understanding of higher potencies and specificity of known inhibitors, which should aid ongoing inhibitor design ; Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (SAF2016-75638-R), the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016–2019, ED431G/09) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund - ERDF) is gratefully acknowledged. EL thanks the Xunta de Galicia for his postdoctoral fellowship. MWvdK is a BBSRC David Phillips Fellow (BB/M026280/1) and he and AJM thank EPSRC for funding (grant numbers EP/G007705/1; EP/M022609/1; EP/M013219/1) ; SI
Publisher's version (útgefin grein) ; Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are regarded as good candidates for many technological applications, where their functional environment is often an aqueous solution. The correct description of metal oxide electronic structure is still a challenge for local and semilocal density functionals, whereas hybrid functional methods provide an improved description, and local atomic function-based codes such as CRYSTAL17 outperform plane wave codes when it comes to hybrid functional calculations. However, the computational cost of hybrids are still prohibitive for systems of real sizes, in a real environment. Therefore, we here present and critically assess the accuracy of our electrostatic embedding quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) coupling between CRYSTAL17 and AMBER16, and demonstrate some of its capabilities via the case study of TiO2 NPs in water. First, we produced new Lennard–Jones (LJ) parameters that improve the accuracy of water–water interactions in the B3LYP/TIP3P coupling. We found that optimizing LJ parameters based on water tri- to deca-mer clusters provides a less overstructured QM/MM liquid water description than when fitting LJ parameters only based on the water dimer. Then, we applied our QM/MM coupling methodology to describe the interaction of a 1 nm wide multilayer of water surrounding a spherical TiO2 nanoparticle (NP). Optimizing the QM/MM water–water parameters was found to have little to no effect on the local NP properties, which provide insights into the range of influence that can be attributed to the LJ term in the QM/MM coupling. The effect of adding additional water in an MM fashion on the geometry optimized nanoparticle structure is small, but more evident effects are seen in its electronic properties. We also show that there is good transferability of existing QM/MM LJ parameters for organic molecules–water interactions to our QM/MM implementation, even though these parameters were obtained with a different QM code and QM/MM implementation, but with the same functional. ; National Council for Eurasian and East European Research. Funding: This research was funded by the Icelandic Research Fund (grant 174244-051) and VILLUM FONDEN, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's HORIZON2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Grant Agreement No [647020]). Acknowledgments: A.O.D. Would like to thank Jónsson, H. for discussions about fitting strategies. C.D.V. is grateful to Lara Ferrighi, Massimo Olivucci, and Stefano Motta for fruitful discussions. A.O.D. Acknowledges funding from the Icelandic Research Fund (grant 174244-051) and VILLUM FONDEN. The project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's HORIZON2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Grant Agreement No [647020]). ; Peer Reviewed
A few years ago Centre of Development Studies at my Faculty, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, started an online Master's Programme in Development Management. The programme was implemented by a network of universities from the North (University of Agder/UiA) and the South (Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda, Ghana) recruiting students from across the world. The evaluation is very positive characterising it as a big success. I will now look into one particular element of this study, teaching the qualitative methodology (QM) courses with a special focus on the South context. Each course QM included has been sectioned into modules based on a variety of students` activities including student-student and student-tutor/teacher interaction, plus a number of hand-ins across topics and formats. Evaluation of the students` performance is based on both online group activity and written material submitted either into the individual or the group portfolio. My focus is twofold. First, how did we teach qualitative methodology and how did that work? Second, what about the contemporary focus on neo-colonial methodology and our QM courses? In a wider perspective the study is part of foreign aid where higher education is a means to transfer competence to the South. As such this study works to enable and to empower people rather than being trapped in the old accusation of sustaining dependency (Asad 1973, Ryen 2000 and 2007a). This study then is embedded in a wider North-South debate and a highly relevant illustration of the potentials, success and hazards, inherit in teaching QM.
Die Linked-Employer-Employee-Daten des IAB (LIAB) kombinieren die Interviews des IAB-Betriebspanels mit den zugehörigen Betriebs- und Personendaten aus den Prozessen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit. Letztere umfassen einerseits die administrativen Betriebsinformationen aus dem Betriebs-Historik-Panel (BHP) und andererseits die Erwerbsbiographien der in den interviewten Betrieben beschäftigten Personen. Die LIAB Daten ermöglichen somit eine simultane Analyse der Angebots- und Nachfrageseite des Arbeitsmarktes.
Zugriffsoptionen:
Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
Die Geschäftswelt befindet sich in einem kontinuierlichen Veränderungsprozess, der auf die allgemeine Wettbewerbssituation als Ergebnis der zunehmenden Globalisierung zurückzuführen ist. Die Norm ISO 9001: 2000 ist ein weltweit verbreiteter Standard für die Zertifizierung von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen und die Akquisition neuer Kunden. Ein Bewusstsein für den Zweck, die Akzeptanz und die Vorteile eines solchen Standards ist heutzutage unabdingbar, aber gerade in Entwicklungsländern für gewöhnlich sehr wenig ausgeprägt und mit Schwierigkeiten verbunden. Dies hat dann wiederum deutliche Auswirkungen auf Unternehmen (egal welcher Größe) bezüglich der Entwicklung von Exzellenz und ihrer Überlebenschancen. Daher kommt der Verbreitung von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen in Entwicklungsländern, und insbesondere der Unterstützung von Unternehmen und Organisationen bei der Einführung solcher Systeme eine große Bedeutung zu. Eine ausführliche Literaturrecherche zeigt, dass Aus- und Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen von sogenannten "Qualitätsmanagement-Gurus" in der Form von TQM-Awards oder –Tools weltweit verbreitet sind. Darüber hinaus wird deutlich, dass acht der von ISO propagierten Qualitätsmanagementprinzipien sich inhaltlich größtenteils mit den Auswahlkriterien für die TQM-Awards decken. In der Praxis werden diese Prinzipien im Zuge von Zertifizierungen jedoch meist ignoriert. Andererseits ergab die Literaturrecherche zum Thema Qualitätsmanagement, dass die Volkswirtschaften in Entwicklungsländern oft über sehr spezifische Rahmenbedingungen verfügen, wie z.B. ein deutlicher Mangel an Demokratie, Instabilität, Korruption oder ungelernte Arbeitskräfte. Dies mag zwar ein weit verbreitetes Phänomen sein, trifft jedoch nicht für alle Entwicklungsländer zu. So wurden z.B. in Indien einige Unternehmen mit dem Deming Prize ausgezeichnet. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt Ergebnisse von Studien mit dem Fokus Indien vor, die auf einer umfangreichen Literaturrecherche basieren. Die erste Studie wurde in einer Gruppe von Unternehmen durchgeführt, die bereits ein Qualitätsmanagementsystem eingeführt haben. Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass die erwarteten "kontinuierlichen Verbesserungen" trotz eindeutiger und verpflichtender Maßnahmen nicht zu beobachten waren. Zudem müssen wichtige Aktivitäten, wie z.B. "die Überprüfung von Qualitätsmaßnahmen, die Einführung von Kommunikationsprozessen, die Erarbeitung neuer Produkte und Dienstleistungen und die Aus- und Weiterbildung der Mitarbeiter" nachhaltig etabliert werden. Die Studie ergab zwar keine signifikanten Unterschiede zu der praktischen Umsetzung von Qualitätsmanagement in Deutschland, zeigte aber deutliche Unterschiede bezüglich Nachhaltigkeit und kulturellen Besonderheiten der Qualitätsmanagementsysteme. Die zweite Studie wurde in SSIs durchgeführt und ergab, dass der Erfolg der untersuchten Unternehmen von Faktoren wie mangelnde Führungskompetenz der Manager/Gesellschafter, kleine Produktpalette, Markt und Akquisition sowie Investitionen in Technologien und Mitarbeitermotivation abhängig ist. Diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Entwicklung einer entsprechenden Kompetenz zur Förderung wichtiger Elemente eines Unternehmens (Management-Aktivitäten (SQM), Kommunikationsprozess und Mitarbeiterführung) für die Erkennung der Vorteile einer ISO-Zertifizierung unabdingbar sind. Diese Voraussetzungen werden daher in dem vorgeschlagenen Modell für eine erfolgreiche Einführung und Umsetzung eines Qualitätsmanagementsystems aufgegriffen. ; The business environment is in a process of constant change due to competitive environment created by the globalisation. In the present world ISO 9001: 2000 is the most widely implemented framework in introducing quality management systems and winning new customers. In this scenario, understanding the purpose, acceptance and benefits of implementing standards is critical. However, this is difficulty common to developing countries effecting organisations irrespective of their size, in their journey towards excellence and ultimately survival. Thus, it is important to understand knowledge and awareness concerning quality management practices in developing countries in supporting organisations introducing quality management concepts. Observations from literature revealed teachings of quality gurus being practiced all over the world mainly in the form of TQM based awards and tools. It is also clear that eight quality management principles proposed by ISO addresses significantly large portion of the enabler criteria of these TQM based quality awards. In practice, implementation and verification of these principles is largely ignored while auditing for certification for ISO. On the other side, literature on quality management practices in developing countries revealed developing economies often have unique characteristics, notably lack of democracy, instability, corruption, unskilled labor force and others. While not all developing countries suffer from these ills more are less this is valid. For example, some organizations in India are recognized by Deming Prize. This thesis presents results from studies focused on India, which are supported by extensive literature research. The first study was carried on a group of companies supposed to have established quality management systems. Results from this study showed continuous improvement were not pursued as required, even though the policies are committed. Some other important activities such as "reviewing of quality policies, establishing communication process", "designing new products and services", along with "education and training of employees" are to be addressed properly. Observations basing on this study also suggest that, there is not significant difference in practices of with German organizations except cultural and some differences related to sustainability of Quality Management practices. The second study was carried in SSIs. This study indicates factors such as lack of training of managerial people/owners, low product range of these companies, market acquisition, and investment in the technology and relationships with workers is affecting the companies in their way being successful. These findings insist the development of organizational competence in supporting important elements, (Management Activities (SQM), Communication Process, and Employee Management) to realize the benefits of changes such as ISO certification. These characteristics required for the successful implementation are surfaced in the proposed implementation model for introducing quality management concepts.
Durch die Integration von künstlicher Intelligenz in mechatronische Systeme kann der Funktionsumfang in Produkten deutlich erhöht werden. Gleichzeitig stellt sich die Frage nach der Absicherung dieser neuartigen Systeme. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage in wie weit bekannte und sich bereits im Einsatz befindliche Methoden des Qualitätsmanagements in diesem neuen Kontext angewendet werden können.
The integration of artificial intelligence into mechatronic systems can significantly increase the range of functions in products. At the same time, the question of safeguarding these new systems arises. This work deals with the question of how far known quality management methods already in use can be applied in this new context.
In China, the government has made great achievements in mass higher education and intended to promote sustainable economic and social development. However, China still lacks innovation today and is trapped in its low-value-added industrial dilemma. Therefore, this paper aimed to understand how higher education outputs and industrial structure evolution affect each other by analysing evidence from Hubei, China, from 2004 to 2013. This paper quantified higher education outputs into graduate scale, education advancement, and innovation outputs and quantified industrial structure evolution into industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure rationalisation. Next, we applied the Granger causality test, vector auto-regression model, impulse response function, and variance decomposition to explore the causal relationships, response styles, and contribution rates between the indicators. The findings are as follows: (i) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation are the Granger reasons for education advancement, and innovation outputs and graduate scale are the Granger reasons for industrial structure rationalisation; (ii) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation can promote education advancement both quickly and significantly, however, education advancement, in turn, does not contribute to industrial structure evolution; (iii) though the contribution of innovation outputs to industrial structure rationalisation is hysteretic, it is greater than that of the graduate scale. ; Hong Kong Community College ; 201907 bcrc ; published_final
