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This book analyses the bearing of global monotheistic faiths towards the philosophy and practice of record keeping and accounting throughout history. The author offers a comprehensive discussion of the literal and figurative processes of taking account and ascribing accountability that link religions such as Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Chapters address theology and accounting in tandem with social behaviours to demonstrate how auditing and calculating customs permeate practising religions. This book first highlights how the four monotheisms have viewed and incorporated accounting historically, and then looks forward to the accounting debates, technologies and traditions in today's world that derive from these religious customs. Drawing heavily on the writings of Max Weber and Werner Sombart, the author demonstrates that accounting and capitalism have religious roots far beyond the Protestant ethic.

Abstract
Judaism has been defined as many things: "religion," "culture," "ethnicity," "race," "nation," and (for Mordecai Kaplan) "civilization." Each definition, including Kaplan's, poses ethical challenges by positing explicitly (or implicitly) a hierarchical ordering where Judaism is "religiously true," "culturally advanced," or otherwise "better than" other religions. This article therefore suggests reconceiving Judaism as a "conversation," a more expansive term with no ethical hierarchy, and (as it happens) fully congruent with human nature, in that human beings are not so much "rational creatures" (Aristotle), "religious creatures" (Eliade), or "working creatures" (Marx), as they are "conversational creatures." It further introduces the concept "cultural caricature" to project ultimate ethical outcomes of the various definitions (e.g., the caricature of "ethnicity" is "ethnic cleansing"). The caricature of "conversation" is a Museum of the Human Condition, where each religious tradition gets its own room and where religious adherents meet in the corridors to converse together—what we nowadays call interfaith dialogue.

Although the "politicization" of religion or "sacrilization" of politics is not restricted to the Middle East, this phenomenon found its most spectacular expressions in the region. These essays examine, in an original and innovative manner, the complex relation between political and national identity and the three major religions of the contemporary Middle East--Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Although the focus is on Palestinian-Israeli relations, the study is relevant to the entire history of the modern Middle East. Discussions of the Palestinian-Israeli arena include the conflictive relations between the two national communities and the political role played by religion in shaping the conflict, the escalation of the conflict, and possible avenues for reaching a peace agreement. ; http://florida.theorangegrove.org/og/file/8d29a37b-10ae-a045-5769-ee79b139dcb3/1/Bunzl,9781616101084.pdf ; Narrative text, Textbook ; http://www.ogtp-cart.com/product.aspx?ISBN=9781616101084 ; Community College, Higher Education ; Expositive ; Although the "politicization" of religion or "sacrilization" of politics is not restricted to the Middle East, this phenomenon found its most spectacular expressions in the region. These essays examine, in an original and innovative manner, the complex relation between political and national identity and the three major religions of the contemporary Middle East--Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Although the focus is on Palestinian-Israeli relations, the study is relevant to the entire history of the modern Middle East. Discussions of the Palestinian-Israeli arena include the conflictive relations between the two national communities and the political role played by religion in shaping the conflict, the escalation of the conflict, and possible avenues for reaching a peace agreement. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet.

As the fiftieth anniversary of Israeli statehood approaches, along with the commemoration of the hundredth anniversary of the World Zionist Organization, the question of what is meant by a "Jewish" state is particularly timely. Alan Dowty takes on that question in a book that is admirable for its clarity and its comprehensive interpretation of the historical roots and contemporary functioning of Israel.Israeli nationhood, democracy, and politics did not unfold in a social or political vacuum, but developed from power-sharing practices in pre-state Jewish communities in Palestine and in Eastern Europe. Dowty elucidates the broad cluster of cultural, historical, and ideological tenets which came to comprise Israel's contemporary political system. He demonstrates that such tenets were not arbitrary but in fact developed logically from Jewish political habits and the circumstances of time. Dowty illustrates how these traditions are balanced with those of ideology and modernization, and he provides an integrated, sophisticated analysis of the Israeli nation's formation and present state.Dowty also proposes thoughtful answers to puzzles regarding the strengths and weaknesses of Israeli democracy in responding to the challenges of communal divisions, religious contention, the country's non-Jewish minority, and accommodation with the Palestinians. The Jewish State will be invaluable for anyone looking for that one book that gives an intelligent overview of both Israel today and of its origins

Mordecai M. Kaplan reexamined -- Theorist and activist -- The rational mystic -- Toward a theology of experience -- Religious education for democracy -- On the theology of election -- Other critics -- Naturalism and supernaturalism -- Ethical values in the thought of Bertrand Russell and Mordecai M. Kaplan -- Reconstructionism reexamined and applied -- Reconstructionism revisited -- A state with a Jewish majority -- The concept of a Jewish state -- What is a Zionist state? -- The Western Wall -- A theology of ethics -- Is this the meaning of my life? -- A rational approach to the idea of God -- When a judge steps off the bench