Suchergebnisse

Romania, like most European countries in recent years, is faced with a worrying demographic phenomenon of population aging with multiple consequences of demographic, social, cultural, economic, political nature etc. The main factors that caused this situation were: declining birth rates, rising life expectancy and external migration; reducing or stopping this population decline must be achieved by improving the combined result of the three mentioned factors. The implications of aging are complex and are felt both at the macroeconomic (influencing economic growth, pension and health care system functionality, investments etc.) and micro economic level (individual level, which must adapt their behavior to the evolution of the economic environment). The present paper aims to surprise the rural population aging phenomena from demographic and social perspective. The working hypothesis is that, as the county shows a more pronounced level of rurality, so its population is aging, less educated, with high employment in agriculture, generating low levels of competitiveness.

SummaryA 1980–81 survey of the rural population of Ethiopia found high levels of infecundity and subfertility, although there was considerable variation by region, ethnicity and age of women. Higher levels of infecundity were geographically concentrated in a broad belt that ran from the south and south-west of the country, across to the north-east. The analyses suggest that infecundity is influenced by ecological factors, more than by ethnicity.

PurposeThis paper aims at examining the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention (EI) among the rural adult population in India using the social cognitive theory (SCT).Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on the Adult Population Survey of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor of 2017, covering 1,397 rural respondents from India. The data has been analysed using simple techniques such as Chi-square statistics, correlation and logistics regression.FindingsAbout 16% of the rural adults have reported EI in India. A significant relationship emerged between the demographics of rural adults with and without intention towards entrepreneurship. Finally, the regression model representing two components of the SCT, that is, confidence towards entrepreneurship and outcome expectations from entrepreneurship, showed a significant impact on EI among the rural population when controlled by family size and working status.Practical implicationsThis paper provides insights on factors affecting EI among rural adults, which can help in developing a policy framework for promoting new ventures among rural entrepreneurs. The result of the analysis indicates that the rural population need to be imparted the necessary skills to gain confidence in entrepreneurship, which should be aligned with the outcome expectations of the entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis piece of research can be valuable for different stakeholders in adopting inclusive entrepreneurial initiatives. Moreover, entrepreneurship in rural areas has not gained much attention among scholars, and this study is intended to provide future research motivation.

Finance plays a key role in the growth of developed as well as developing nations. A financially well included society leads to stronger growth. Financial inclusion aims at providing easy and affordable access to financial products and services. The main concern for any developing nation from a growth point of view is advancement of low-income rural population just as much as the high-income population. Taking a note of this, identifying the key determinants that would lead to successful financial inclusion of low-income rural population is equally, if not more, important. The inclusion strategies have to be built around these determinants to promote inclusion and thus, a clear picture of these determinants is a must have for strategy and policy makers. Though the factors may be somewhat similar across the nation, but their significance and impact on financial inclusion varies greatly from one geographical area to other. In line with this, the purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of successful financial inclusion in the low-income rural segments with special reference to Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The study uses factor analysis to identify the determinants and path analysis to analyse the significance of these factors in financial inclusion.

Rajesh Subhash Joshi,1 Rahul Ramchandra Bandgar2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur 440012, Maharashtra, India; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal 4510001, Maharashtra, IndiaCorrespondence: Rajesh Subhash JoshiGovernment Medical College, Nagpur 440012, IndiaEmail jrajesh5@rediffmail.comPurpose: To determine the incidence of non-traumatic subconjunctival hemorrhage (NTSH) in Indian rural population and analyze the associated risk factors.Methods: The study included patients diagnosed having subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) who attended the out-patient department (OPD) of ophthalmology. Demographic characteristics of subjects included age, gender, medical and ocular history, and location of hemorrhage.Results: The incidence rate of NTSH in this study was 3.07 per 1000 patients per year attending OPD. The men to women ratio for NTSH was 1.26 (95% CI). The commonest site of presentation was nasal side (n=36, 51.4%). Right eye (n= 37, 54.3%) was affected more than the left eye (n=28, 40%). The analysis showed 24 patients (34.3%) did not have any etiological factor attributable to SCH. Conjunctivochalasis (CCH) was associated in 15 patients (21.4%). An antiplatelet agent was associated with SCH in 7 patients (10%). Other factors associated with SCH were hypertension, leukemia, and anemia (n=6, 8.6%).Conclusion: This study indicates that NTSH occurs in 3 out of 1000 individuals per year in the rural population presenting to the OPD. Nasal conjunctiva was commonly involved. CCH was associated with 15 patients. Use of antiplatelet agents, hypertension and blood disorders are associated with the risk of NTSH. Patients presenting for the first time with NTSH should be screened for systemic etiological factors.Keywords: subconjunctival hemorrhage, red eye, antiplatelet agents, conjunctivochalasis, hypertension

Religion plays a particularly significant part in the lives of many rural people, but the importance of this characteristic in social work has not been adequately explored. Workers need to know that religion offers useful resources for service and an important avenue for understanding and treating clients.

Seria: Multi-Annual Programme 2005-2009. The economic and social conditions of the development of the Polish food economy following Poland's accession to the European Union, no 58.1 ; Charakterystyka demograficzna ludności wiejskiej: wiek, płeć, wykształcenie, aktywność gospodarcza. Społeczno-demograficzna charakterystyka wybranych grup ludności wiejskiej: emigrujących, gospodarstw prowadzących działalność nierolniczą na obszarach wiejskich. ; Kamila Sobiecka