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Contents: Foreword / by Vernon Smith -- 1. Introduction to smart decision-making / Morris Altman -- Part I Smart decision-makers, different types of rationality, and outcomes -- 2. Rational inefficiency : smart thinking, bounded rationality, and the scientific basis for economic failure and success / Morris Altman -- 3. Rational mistakes that make us smart / Nathan Berg -- 4. Rational choice as if the choosers were human / Peter J. Boettke and Rosolino A. Candela -- 5. Smart predictions from wrong data : the case of ecological correlations / Florian Kutzner and Tobias Vogel -- 6. Heuristics : fast, frugal, and smart / Shabnam Mousavi, Björn meder, Hansjörg Neth and Reza Kheirandish -- 7. The beauty of simplicity? (simple) heuristics and the opportunities yet to be realized / Andreas Ortmann and Leonidas Spiliopoulos -- 8. Smart persons and human development : the missing ingredient in behavioral economics / John F. Tomer -- Part II Aspects of smart decision-making -- 9. Behavioral strategy at the frontline : insights and inspirations from the US Marine Corps / Mie Augier -- 10. Feminist economics for smart behavioural economics / Siobhan Austen -- 11. How regret moves individual and collective choices towards rationality / Sacha Bourgeois-Gironde -- 12. Is it rational to be in love? / Paul Frijters and Gigi Foster -- 13. Behavioural economic anthropology / Giuseppe Danese and Luigi Mittone -- Part III Development and governance -- 14. Do changes in farmers' seed traits align with climate change? a case study of maize in Chiapas, México / C. Leigh Anderson, Andrew Cronholm and Pierre Biscaye -- 15. Rationality, globalization, and x-efficiency among financial institutions / Roger Frantz -- 16. The evolution of governance structures in a polycentric system / Edward Mcphail and Vlad Tarko -- Part IV Tax behaviour -- 17. Taxation and nudging / Simon James -- 18. Income tax compliance / Erich Kirchler, Barbara Hartl and Katharina Gangl -- Part V Smart finance -- 19. Financial decisions in the household / Bernadette Kamleitner, Till Mengay and Erich Kirchle -- 20. Employing priming to shed light on financial decision-making processes / Doron Kilger -- 21. Experimental asset markets: behaviour and bubbles / Owen Powell and Natalia Shestakova -- 22. To consume or to save : are we maximising or what? / Tobias F. Rötheli -- Part VI Dimensions of health -- 23. Time orientation effects on health behaviour / Jannette Van Beek, Michel J.J. Handgraaf and Gerrit Antonides -- 24. Behavioral aspects of obesity / Ddelia Rosin -- 25. Time inconsistent preferences in intertemporal choices for physical activity & weight loss : evidence from canadian health surveys / Nazmi Sari -- 26. Suicide amongst smart people / Bijou Yang and David Lester -- Part VII Sociological dimensions of smart decision-making -- 27. Seeing and knowing others : the impact of social ties on economic interactions / Astrid Hopfensitz -- 28. Weakness of will and stiffness of will : how far are shirking, slackening, favoritism, spoiling of children, and pornography from obsessive-compulsive behavior? / Elias L. Khalil -- 29. The role of identity, personal and social capital in community crime prevention / Ambrose Leung and Brandon Harrison -- 30. Norms, culture, and cognition / Shinji Teraji -- Part VIII Morals and ethics -- 31. Rational choice in public and private spheres / Herbert Gintis -- 32. Ethics and simple games / Mark Pingle -- Index.

This paper aims at analysing Game theory in the context of international politics (competition) for power and balance of power. It x-rays the relationship between Game theory and International politics at international relations (arena). It considers the conceptual framework of the proponents of the thesis, the application of Game theory to international situations and to identify the underlying principles, practice of Game theory in International system. It examines the origin, types of game theory, other models related to Game theory (prisoner's dilemma and chicken) and the criticisms of it in relation to international politics. The study makes use of secondary source to elucidate data while it adopts theory of international politics to mid-wife the analysis.

It is proposed that shared leadership environments have an effect on six sigma team decision-making as well as the methods used to make decisions. It is also proposed that the consensus decision-making method is the technique that is the most effective and related to the fundamental conditions of a shared leadership environment. Furthermore, it is believed that a model of shared leadership decision-making can be developed from the results of these hypotheses. Research has found that a strong relationship exists between shared leadership and team decision-making principles and approaches. As a six sigma team becomes more involved in the shared leadership model, the methods utilized to make decisions change in such a way that the power is more distributed among members; the team moves from a single individual decision method, towards a shared decision method. Review of the relationship between shared leadership and team decision-making techniques has shown that the consensus approach is the most effective in satisfying the fundamental conditions and requirements of the shared leadership model. A model of decision-making in shared leadership environments is proposed for use by teams to determine the type of decision-making method that should be employed as a team's level of shared leadership increases.

Many of the resources developed to promote the use of evidence in policy aspire to an ideal of rational decision making, yet their basis in the decision sciences is often unclear. Tracing the historical development of evidence-informed policy to its roots in evidence-based medicine (EBM), we distinguish between two understandings of how research evidence may be applied. Advocates for EBM all seek to use research evidence to optimise clinical care. However, some proponents argue that 'uptake' of research evidence should be direct and universal, for example through wide-scale implementation of 'evidence-based practices'. In contrast, other conceptualisations of EBM are rooted in expected utility theory, which defines rational decisions as choices that are expected to result in the greatest benefit. Applying this theory to medical care, clinical decision-making models clearly demonstrate that rational decisions require not only a range of relevant evidence, but also expertise to inform judgments regarding the credibility of estimates and to assess fit-to-context, and stakeholder preferences and values to weigh trade-offs among competing outcomes. Using these models as exemplars, we argue that attempts to apply research evidence directly to practice or policy without consideration of expert judgement or preferences and values reflect fundamental misconceptions about the theory of rational decision making that can impede implementation. In turn, the decision sciences highlight the need to consider the role of expertise and judgment when interpreting research evidence, the role of preferences and values when applying it to specific decisions, and the practical limits imposed by the uncertainty inherent in each.

The effects of alienation & indifference on voter turnout are examined in the presidential election of Nov 1968. Data were compiled from 2 nationwide surveys: (1) the ORC/IEP survey, commissioned from the Opinion Research Corp, Princeton, NJ, & the SRC survey of the Survey Research Center, U of Michigan, for the Inter-U Consortium for Political Research. 2 propositions found support in the analysis: (1) a central premise of rational decision theory, that people act so as to maximize their expected utility, & (2) basic tenets of the "funnel of causality," that those who expect the same utility from the candidates resolve their voting dilemma by recourse to prior attitudes & expectancies. Thus, the research emphasis is shifted from the explanation of the vote to the explanation of attitudes toward candidates. In 1968, many citizens who stayed away from the polls abstained in response to their feelings about the candidates. Indifference & alienation are more important causes of nonvoting that much of the literature would predict. At the same time, some rational theories of turnout, & many formal models of the electoral process, may overstate their magnitude. Abstention seriously affects social choice. To the extent that abstentions are anticipated by decision-makers, & preventative action is taken, the views of potential abstainers may play a special role in policy formation. 10 Tables, 2 Figures. Modified Authors' Summary.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Why Are We Economically Successful? -- Chapter 3: In Defense of the Invisible Hand Concept. Modification of Austrian Theory of Equilibration and Social Ordering -- Chapter 4: The Problem of Indifference and Choice. An answer to Nozick´s Challenge to Austrians -- Chapter 5: Conclusion.