Suchergebnisse

In recent years, regional disparity problem across provinces and regions of Turkey and solving suggestions have been debated by many scientist and politicians. East and West dualism is very clear that Western part of the country is significantly more developed than the East. This situation can be shown the tools of spatial statistics reveal the presence of spatial dependence across provinces and regions. The presence of heterogeneity is reflected in the distribution of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) statistics. The aim of this study is to present a LISA analysis by using GeoDa (Geographic Data Analysis Program) in order to show regional disparity and clusters in Turkey. This paper present important result on the distribution of growth in provinces of Turkey and its relation with other important indicators of development. Findings shows that powerfulness (or weakness) of per capita GDP levels of provinces parallel to patent applications, automobile numbers, electricity consumption, entrepreneurship, net migration rates, unemployment rates, per capita export and import, literacy rates, university degrees, and bed numbers of per hundred thousand patients in Turkey. Despite East and South Eastern Anatolia provinces obtain high level public investment values; these cities have less level per capita income. ; In recent years, regional disparity problem across provinces and regions of Turkey and solving suggestions have been debated by many scientist and politicians. East and West dualism is very clear that Western part of the country is significantly more developed than the East. This situation can be shown the tools of spatial statistics reveal the presence of spatial dependence across provinces and regions. The presence of heterogeneity is reflected in the distribution of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) statistics. The aim of this study is to present a LISA analysis by using GeoDa (Geographic Data Analysis Program) in order to show regional disparity and clusters in Turkey. This paper present important result on the distribution of growth in provinces of Turkey and its relation with other important indicators of development. Findings shows that powerfulness (or weakness) of per capita GDP levels of provinces parallel to patent applications, automobile numbers, electricity consumption, entrepreneurship, net migration rates, unemployment rates, per capita export and import, literacy rates, university degrees, and bed numbers of per hundred thousand patients in Turkey. Despite East and South Eastern Anatolia provinces obtain high level public investment values; these cities have less level per capita income.

After the independence, higher education system in India has grown remarkably. It is among the one of the largest system of its kind in the world. However, it has many issues at present in the context of regional disparity specifically equality and access to higher education. India as a country consists of twenty nine states and seven union territories (UT's) with different socio-economic, demographic and other conditions. After, more than 60 years of the independence, it is very appropriate to study and understand the status of higher education among the different States/UTs in India. This paper is an attempt in this direction to study and review regional disparity through the equality and access issue of higher education among the different States/UTs in India. There are two hypotheses for the present study. First hypothesis is, H01: There is no significant difference in the enrolment of male and female in higher education among different States/UTs in India (H01:01=02). And other hypothesis is, H02: There is no significant difference in the gross enrolment ratio (GER) of socially underprivileged (SC and ST) and GER of total population between age group 18-23 years among different States/UTs in India. This macro level study is analytical in nature and attempt to explore the significant difference of equality and access issues of higher education among the different States/UTs in India.

Alipurduar (also known as 'Dooars') was a subdivision of Jalpaiguri district before its emergence as the new 20th district of West Bengal on 25 June 2014. The districts of North Bengal (including Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur and Malda) have been poorly placed in comparison to the state of West Bengal, in terms of Human Development Indicators: low literacy level, poor condition in sanitation, and partly availability of electricity and safe drinking water (Report on Comparative Backwardness of North Bengal Region, Government of India, 2002). Research on regional disparity is essential for addressing the lacuna in the planning process of development (Sen, 2001). In the present study, an analysis has been made in terms of the inter-block inequality in socio-economic and infrastructural development of Alipurduar district as a newly emerged region.

AbstractBathing is a major type of disability among older adults. While studies on bathing difficulties have recently started to go beyond the limitations of the human body to examine bathroom amenities; researchers have rarely considered the environment beyond the bathroom. This study explored the regional disparities in bathing disability among older adults in China. Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018, random-effects logistic regressions were performed to examine how bathing difficulties differed across regions among older adults in China. We found that older adults residing in the northern regions were significantly more likely to experience bathing disability compared to those from the South after controlling for confounding variables. Women and the oldest-old were also the most likely to experience bathing disabilities. Within the Northern regions itself, individuals from the Northeast stood out for having the highest likelihood of experiencing bathing disability. Interestingly, this regional disparity only existed for bathing disability and not the other Activities of Daily Living (ADL) items. It is concluded that the large regional disparity could be due to both climate differences and uneven economic development across the different regions in China. As bathing is a highly environment-dependent activity, this study highlights the potential for policy interventions to reduce the prevalence of bathing disability among older adults through improving the bathing environment. Additionally, we aim to put forth the notion that disability research should move towards analyses of specific disability items rather than an undifferentiated ADL index.

Ever since the tax reform in 1994 in China, local governments have to rely more and more on land and real estate related fees as a major source of revenue. With the rapid development of the financial sector in China, local governments also rely more on bank loans with real estate assets as collaterals to finance capital expenditure projects and other government expenditure. Many theoretical studies have suggested that the reliance of local governments on land and real estate related revenue has fuelled housing prices and rendered the central government's policy to contain housing price escalation ineffective. However, so far there has been little vigorous empirical analysis that supports this argument. This study use panel data from 31 provinces over the period 1999 to 2010 to analyses empirically the role of provincial governments' behavior in determining housing price levels in China. Our empirical results suggest that the behavior of provincial governments has contributed significantly to regional housing price disparity after controlling for social and economic factors. In particular, we found that the level of fiscal autonomy (local government revenue as a percentage of GDP) has an overall positive impact on housing prices and that such impact is stronger for provinces that are geographically more distant from Beijing. We also found that although the central government's policy on the RMB exchange rate reform in 2005 has an overall positive impact on real housing prices due to inflow of speculative hot money, such impact varied across different provinces and thus also contributed to regional housing price disparity. Our empirical results suggest that speculative hot money tended to flow into housing markets in provinces with a more developed tertiary sector. This is because regions with more developed tertiary sector usually have more mature real estate markets, lower information costs, better financial and legal services, which facilitates flow of fund into and out of the housing market. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on regional housing price disparity. Unlike previous studies that only focused mainly on the impact of economic, social and government planning policies, this study also aimed at studying the role of fiscal and monetary policies in China. The results have important policy and practical implications. First, while the financial incentives and responsibility given to provincial governments may increase economic efficiency, they may also lead to conflicting goals between central and local governments. In addition such financial incentives and responsibility may unexpectedly lead to housing price bubbles that are economically and socially undesirable. Second, the central government's policy to reform the exchange rate formation mechanism of the RMB in 2005 has also contributed to housing price escalation which may not be desirable from both social and political perspectives. Even worse still, the impact was not uniform but stronger in provinces with a more developed tertiary sector, which are usually wealthier provinces. Increase in housing prices in these provinces may lead to faster regional economic growth and thus contributing to even more sever regional income disparity, which contradicts the central government's goal of reducing income polarization. ; published_or_final_version ; Real Estate and Construction ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

The proper role and high importance of regional peculiarity of innovation and technological activity in the context of ensuring technological competitiveness of the economy depends on its identification and understanding of the critical differentiation of the regions of Ukraine by the number of innovatively active enterprises, production volumes, share of realized innovative products, as well as the positioning the regions of Ukraine by the share of enterprises with technological innovations, the rate of its growth and the share of realized innovative products in the total volume of industrial products sold. It is shown that the modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is formed in the context of contemporary challenges of global competition, fundamental features, which are the impact of global crises, financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion due to processes of globalization, development of information economy; pressure on the country's debt; increase in import dependency; high external labour migration activity; destabilization of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities in regional development. The strategic priorities of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy have been determined: intensification of technological development of the economy, growth of the general level of innovative activity, formation of a competitive market of intellectual property, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of resource provision of innovative activity, improvement of business parameters of competition.