Suchergebnisse

I: Methodology -- The Scientific Work of Gerhard Tintner -- Econometrics Needs a History: Two Cases of Conspicuous Neglect -- II: Planning Models -- Energy Pricing in a Welfare Framework: Issues in Equity, Efficiency and Exhaustibility -- Foreign Aid, Economic Development and Income Distribution: Some Inferences from a CGE Model for Egypt -- III: Analysis of Efficiency -- The Active Approach of Stochastic Optimization with New Applications -- Efficient Portfolios: Risk Shares and Monetary Policy -- Extremal Principle Solutions of Games in Characteristic Function Form: Core, Chebychev and Shapley Value Generalizations -- Econometric Estimation of Decision Models under Uncertainty -- On Estimating the Elasticity of Factor Substitution by Nonlinear Least Squares -- Recent Nonparametric Measures of Productive Efficiency.

In accordance with the strategic course chosen by Ukraine in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the transformation of the management system based on the principles of joint leadership of the defense forces must be completed. The main purpose of the transformation is to ensure the maximum efficiency of the use of heterogeneous forces and means of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the interests of the tasks. One of the components of the transformation is the transition to a logistics system. The introduction of logistical approaches to the management of material resources aims to provide in the shortest possible time with minimal costs and losses of military formations (units) with material means.
Therefore, the paper proposes a method for evaluating the effectiveness of logistics operations. The initial data are determined in the method at the first stage.
At the second stage, the hierarchy of the logistics system with the subsystems of management bodies, warehouses with material resources, restoration of weapons and military equipment, provision of the material means, transportation, etc. is presented. However, on the example of the subsystem of material support, priority technical means have been identified that will be used to perform logistics operations using the method of analysis of hierarchies.
At the third stage, applying the method of the maximum element, rationally distributed forces and means of logistics for the timely provision of military formations with material means.
At the fourth stage, to avoid threats that arise on the routes of technical means, taking into account the terrain, road conditions, etc. using the method of dynamic programming determined the rational route of maneuvering technical means during the task.
At the fifth stage, using the method of a progressive standard, a comparative analysis and evaluation of technical means involved in the implementation of logistics operations.

Abstract The coronavirus pandemic, besides generating health distress, influences the socio-economic conditions of humankind. Every adolescent's lifestyle is affected by the virus. Healthy adolescents are not only key contributors to the forthcoming workforce but also a source of a country's human capital. The purpose of the article is to examine the efficacy of various Asian countries in regulating the spread of the coronavirus among adolescents. In addition to that, the paper also attempts to pinpoint the prime causes of the inefficiency of a country in regulating the same. The paper also examines the behavioural changes among adolescents across Asian countries in pre-and-post pandemic times. In this context, the study identifies the impact of adolescents' tobacco consumption, female political leadership, and accreditation on a country's efficacy to regulate adolescents' coronavirus infection. The study's empirical analysis covers twenty-one Asian countries. By using the Panel Stochastic Production Frontier, the study concludes that Kazakhstan is the most efficient country and Afghanistan is the least efficient country on the list. The inefficiency effects estimates conclude that adolescents' tobacco consumption decreases and good governance practices increase the efficiency of a country in regulating the spread of adolescent coronavirus infection. Additionally, the paper finds no significant behavioural changes among adolescents in pre-and-post pandemic times across Asian countries. The paper concludes with appropriate policy recommendations supported by empirical evidence. The paper also identifies its shortcomings and suggests potential future lines of inquiry.

Considering the high pressure on the healthcare limited resources, mainly on hospitals, determined by the population ageing, and the increased incidence of chronic and infectious diseases, it is essential to both decrease expenditures and provide good quality healthcare. In this paper we focus on the efficiency of Romanian public hospitals. Our research goals are to identify and examine the inefficient public hospitals in Romania; to determine sources of inefficiency in Romanian public hospitals; to describe a potential reduction in all inputs on average to rationalize hospital resources; and recommend that hospital management be improved. We propose an approach that contains preliminary data analyses to obtain homogeneous distributions, then we use Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate the technical efficiency scores for the hospitals in the sample. The results showed that more than half of the examined small hospitals were technically inefficient and that they could have produced a larger number of discharges and consequently an increased number of inpatient days. Possible reductions in inputs were also indicated. These results suggest ways of improving hospital management and restructuring and reorganizing decisions that can be implemented in the hospital network.

The article reviewed the status of inventory in the organization. The results of an economic study of current assets and their effect on the financial condition of the organization. The analysis of indicators of working capital and their efficiency. The recommendations to speed up inventory turnover may find practical application in the accounting and analytical activity of the agricultural organizations.

The article reviewed the status of inventory in the organization. The results of an economic study of current assets and their effect on the financial condition of the organization. The analysis of indicators of working capital and their efficiency. The recommendations to speed up inventory turnover may find practical application in the accounting and analytical activity of the agricultural organizations.

WILENSKI CONTENDS THAT ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM CAN WORK IN FAVOR OF EFFICIENCY AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT VALUES OR EQUALITY AND OTHER EQUITY VALUES BUT THE IDEA THAT IT SHOULD PROMOTE SOCIAL EQUITY AMONG EMPLOYEES OR CLIENTS IS SO NEW IT IS MISSING FROM MUCH LITERATURE ON ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT.

Reconciling higher freshwater demands with finite freshwater resources remains one of the great policy dilemmas. Given that crop irrigation constitutes 70% of global water extractions, which contributes up to 40% of globally available calories (1), governments often support increases in irrigation efficiency (IE), promoting advanced technologies to improve the "crop per drop." This provides private benefits to irrigators and is justified, in part, on the premise that increases in IE "save" water for reallocation to other sectors, including cities and the environment. Yet substantial scientific evidence (2) has long shown that increased IE rarely delivers the presumed public-good benefits of increased water availability. Decision-makers typically have not known or understood the importance of basin-scale water accounting or of the behavioral responses of irrigators to subsidies to increase IE. We show that to mitigate global water scarcity, increases in IE must be accompanied by robust water accounting and measurements, a cap on extractions, an assessment of uncertainties, the valuation of trade-offs, and a better understanding of the incentives and behavior of irrigators. ; CRP5; ISI; IFPRI3; DCA; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply ; EPTD ; PR ; 4 pages ; CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE);

Practical and conceptual, the Responsible Research and Innovation set of books contributes to the clarification of this new requirement for all sciences and technological innovation. It covers the multiple and international responsibilities, by using various philosophical resources, mostly discussing the following topics: ethics, contingency, normative economy, freedom, corporate social responsibility (CSR), participative technological evaluation, sustainable development, geoengineering, the precautionary principle, standards, interdisciplinarity, and climate management. The ethics of efficiency must be considered with regard to the logic of action or to economic, political, legal or scientific systems. This book presents a question on the central theme of responsible research and innovation (RRI), which has an ethical influence on effective logics. The issue is to question the opportunity and modularities of an ethical effective influence on the logics of efficiency of research and innovation. From the distinction of efficiency and effectiveness, lies the problem of efficacy, the ethical accord between the two. Thus appears the possibility of taking effective responsibility with respect to systematic injustices potentially linked to this efficiency. This book proposes categories to understand the ethical implications of research and innovation processes, under the aspect of their efficacy