Suchergebnisse

English Abstract:This article examines the extent to which National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) in Ghana and Uganda contribute to the strengthening of democracy and sustainable development in those countries. A human rights-based approach is used to investigate human rights violations, marginalization, exclusions, and discrimination against vulnerable groups in society. This article examines whether NHRIs are proactive in adopting preventive measures to protect and promote human rights within the African context. The study utilized a qualitative methodology and a case study design. It found that the legal environment on which NHRIs are located and their operations largely determine their effectiveness, as well as whether good governance and sustainable development are achievable.Spanish Abstract:Este artículo examina hasta qué punto las Instituciones Nacionales de Derechos Humanos (INDH) en Ghana y Uganda contribuyen al fortalecimiento de la democracia y el desarrollo sostenible en esos países. Se utiliza un enfoque basado en los derechos humanos para investigar las violaciones de los derechos humanos, la marginación, las exclusiones y la discriminación contra los grupos vulnerables de la sociedad. Este artículo examina si las INDH son proactivas a la hora de adoptar medidas preventivas para proteger y promover los derechos humanos en el contexto africano. La investigación requirió de una metodología cualitativa y un diseño de estudio de caso. Se descubrió que el entorno legal en el que se encuentran las INDH y sus operaciones determinan en gran medida su eficacia, así como también si se puede lograr una buena gobernanza y un desarrollo sostenible.French Abstract:Cet article examine dans quelle mesure les institutions nationales des droits de l'homme (INDH) au Ghana et en Ouganda contribuent au renforcement de la démocratie et du développement durable dans ces pays. Une approche fondée sur les droits de l'homme est utilisée pour enquêter sur les violations des droits de l'homme, la marginalisation, les exclusions et les discriminations à l'encontre des groupes vulnérables de la société. Cet article examine si les INDH sont proactives dans l'adoption de mesures préventives pour protéger et promouvoir ces droits dans le contexte africain. L'étude a utilisé une méthodologie qualitative et une étude de cas. Il a été constaté que l'environnement juridique dans lequel les INDH sont ancrées ainsi que leurs opérations déterminent en grande partie leur efficacité et les conditions de réalisation de la bonne gouvernance et du développement durable.

Uganda introduced the decentralization policy in 1997 under the Local Government Act of 1997 that has since undergone four amendments. The policy inherently decentralized service delivery institutions and their governance in order to improve access to services for the rural poor. Based on an analysis of available literature, the paper documents the state of knowledge regarding rural service provision in Uganda under decentralization and identifies knowledge gaps for further investigation. Its focus is on education, health, and agricultural advisory services, as well as the management of natural resources in Uganda. Although enlightening, a review of the broader decentralization literature is beyond the scope of this work. The analysis revealed that results in terms of attaining the objectives of decentralization are mixed. While as anticipated generally decentralization resulted in greater participation and control over service delivery and governance by local communities, local governments are still grappling with a range of challenges, namely, inadequate local financial resources and over-reliance on conditional central government grants; inability to attract and retain sufficient trained and experienced staff; corruption, nepotism, and elite capture. With regard to the specific services, while universal primary education (UPE) policy under the decentralization framework is credited with a dramatic increase in primary school enrollment, public primary education services are still dogged by concerns over financing, equity, quality, and the need for curriculum reform. Some studies show that there has been no improvement in health services with many health status indicators either stagnating or worsening. In general, decentralization of education and health services has not resulted in greater participation of the ordinary people and accountability of service providers to the community. Regarding agricultural extension and advisory services, except for areas serviced by NGOs, the majority of the country does not readily access extension services, because districts have been unable to prioritize the operational expenses. However, there is some evidence that the devolution of responsibility for natural resource management (NRM) has contributed to greater compliance with some NRM requirements in some areas while in other areas forest conditions have declined following decentralization. Generally, evidence on whether decentralization has improved service delivery in Uganda is still inconclusive, and more research is needed. ; Non-PR ; GRP32; IFPRI1; Land Resource Management for Poverty Reduction ; DSGD

This paper follows the research framework for context-specific public service delivery presented at ICEGOV 2016 [1]. The research has been conducted at the UNU-EGOV unit during the last year. The paper presents the research landscape for ICT enabled public service delivery scientific and policy literature. The findings are analyzed and presented in a conceptual framework allowing us to identify the core dimensions and sub-dimensions of public service delivery. The paper concludes by outlining the research gaps identified by the study and a series of policy recommendations to enhance public service delivery. The results showed that the Innovation and Evaluation dimensions and their sub-dimensions, Innovating Public Procurement, Collective Learning and Intelligent, Evidence-Based Policy Making and Social Media Impact are the areas with less investigation. ; This research received support from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Government of Portugal (Grant n.º PEstOE/CJP/UI0758/ 2013) and is also partially supported by the "Programa Operacional da Região Norte", NORTE2020, in the context of project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000037 (SmartEGOV). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. ...

This paper aims to design a modified model for efficient and effective service delivery by governments' ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs).There are several existing models on service delivery, but it is noted that those models emphasized more on the estimates voted for social/welfare services and the outcomes of services provided by MDAs. Other variables such as managerial accountability and leadership quality are less emphasized.This paper therefore designs a modified model that integrates funding/management of resources, managerial accountability and leadership quality cum structure in order to ensure adequate, efficient and effective service delivery by MDAs of various governments.There seems to b e a strong relationship between these variables in respect of service delivery. Lastly, the paper is conceptual in nature, which gives room for critique by practioners, researchers, scholars and public administrators in lieu of service delivery.

This paper aims to design a modified model for efficient and effective service delivery by governments' ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs). There are several existing models on service delivery, but it is noted that those models emphasized more on the estimates voted for social/welfare services and the outcomes of services provided by MDAs. Other variables such as managerial accountability and leadership quality are less emphasized. This paper therefore designs a modified model that integrates funding/management of resources, managerial accountability and leadership quality cum structure in order to ensure adequate, efficient and effective service delivery by MDAs of various governments. There seems to be a strong relationship between these variables in respect of service delivery. Lastly, the paper is conceptual in nature, which gives room for critique by practioners, researchers, scholars and public administrators in lieu of service delivery.

In the recent past, the public sector has been under considerable pressure to reform itself. Rising consumer expectations aided by enhancements in social media, information and communication technologies and demand for transparency have added pressure on public service agencies to make the process more inclusive and participatory. Governments across the world are therefore constantly trying to improve the quality and content of services being delivered to their citizens. Transformation in public sector delivery will not be sustainable and transitory unless the restructuring efforts are linked to performance evaluation. Recent studies have identified gaping holes in evaluating public service delivery via conventional approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel framework in the form of a capability maturity model to evaluate public service delivery. Our model maps the various factors associated with a public service in order to determine its maturity level. In order to assess the effectiveness of our proposed framework, we chose two public services as case studies. As part of our case study, we analyzed the maturity level and also proposed changes to improve these two public services.

Citizens in low income democracies depend, to a large extent, on the state for the provision of basic services either due to absence of a market for these services or poverty. This paper synthesizes the findings of the International Growth Centre (IGC) supported research on governance and public service delivery in India. Existing research suggests that the quality of public services affects economic growth via its impact on poverty alleviation, human capital formation and corruption. There is near consensus, however, that India has had limited success in reducing poverty and enhancing human capital inspite of myriad programs that provide free or heavily subsidised essential services to its citizens. The paper identifies incentives, transparency and state capacity as the key challenges to reducing the governance deficit in India. IGC supported research emphasizes building state capacity to implement and monitor public programs, rewarding performance of civil servants and providing information to stakeholders as key policies that can be implemented, and scaled up, to both improve the quality of public service delivery and spur economic growth.

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. The 2006 provisional census counted over 140 million people (United Nations 2007), 64 percent of whom live in rural areas. These rural areas are undergoing radical, noticeable change, particularly in the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector is increasingly market-oriented and has seen a diversification of income opportunities and an increasing division of labor. It is therefore important to have a highly efficient rural service sector that fosters agricultural productivity and development outcomes. However, access to rural services, has only had marginal impacts in the agricultural sector. Rural households, therefore, continue to face poor access to agricultural and social services. These gaps in rural service provision need to be closed in order to enable the countryside to mobilize its development potential. To distinguish rural from urban development, one must define �rural.� Demographers classify a population as rural based on the size or occupational distribution of residents and the geographical characteristics of the area. Most definitions consider an area rural if people work or live on farms. The number of residents in a population considered rural differs from less than 2000 (Reardon et al. 2001) to less than 5001 (Acemoglu et al. 2001) to less than 10,000 people (International Fund for Agricultural Development 2001). In Nigeria, areas with populations above 20,000 are considered urban, meaning that rural areas have sizes below this cut-off (Onokerhoraye 1984). Decentralization has become a key issue in development policy in the last two decades. Decentralization is a process of transitioning from a governance structure in which power is concentrated at the central or national level to one in which authority to make decisions and implement them is shifted to lower level governments or agencies. It consists of a transfer of public functions from higher tiers to lower tiers of governance. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP37; GRP32; NSSP ; DSGD

This report presents the results of the Service Delivery Indicators in the education sector in Niger in 2015. Survey implementation was preceded by extensive consultation with Government and key stakeholders on survey design, sampling, and adaptation of survey instruments. Pre-testing of the survey instruments took place in 2013, while training of field staff and field work took place in 2015, and data entry, cleaning, and analysis took place in 2016 and 2017. Information was collected from 256 primary schools, 1,748 teachers, and 3,661 grade four and five pupils in Niger. The results provide a representative snapshot of primary education service delivery in Niger. The survey provides information on four elements of service delivery: measures of (i) teacher effort; (ii) teacher knowledge and ability; (iii) the availability of key inputs and infrastructure; and (iv) management, supervision, and community engagement.