Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTWith unique data material from the Immigrant Labour Market, Language Skill and Social Network project (IASS), based on interviews with four refugee immigrant groups (Ethiopians/Eritreans, Chileans, Iranians, and Romanians/Hungarians) occupational mobility is analysed from home country occupation to the first occupation in Sweden as well as occupational mobility during the first 15 years in Sweden. The study supports a U‐shaped occupational mobility relationship. For many people the first occupation in Sweden has a lower status than the home country occupation. The explanation may be a lack of international transferability of human capital and/or discrimination. Later, upward mobility in occupational status sets in. The U‐formed relationship is deeper for those refugees who had a high occupational status in their home country compared to those with a lower occupational status. Upward mobility was also stronger for those refugees who acquired a Swedish academic education and for those who had become fluent in Swedish.

Une étude comparative est faite de la mobilité sociale et du niveau professionnel de 1905 femmes et de 2137 hommes qui ont gradué en sciences et en humanités en Ontario. Les résultats montrent que dans l'ensemble la mobilité professionnelle est moins fréquente chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Les transformations dans le marché du travail qui, au milieu des années soixante a eu un impact si favorable sur la mobilité masculine suivies par une baisse à la fin de la décade ont affecté les femmes d'une façon sembable, mais, pour elles, la force de l'impact vers le haut et vers le bas a été moins dramatique. L'explication présentée est basée sur la ségrégation professionnelle des sexes. Quant au niveau professionnel, les résultats montrent que les femmes atteignent leur plus haut niveau lorsqu'elles ont la possibilité de réussir de façon visible comme par des résultats académiques élevés et un grade en science. Des résultats académiques élevés et l'inscription à une école graduée sont encore plus importants pour les femmes d'origine socioéconomique peu élevée. Le nombre plus restreint d'avenues et une course plus ardue sont, concluent les auteurs, les propriétés essentielles de la mobilité et de la réussite professionnelle feminines.The social mobility and occupational attainment of 1905 female arts and science graduates in Ontario are studied in comparison to those of 2137 male colleagues. The findings show that over‐all fewer females experience upward occupational mobility than males. The labour market changes in the mid‐sixties, which had such a positive impact on male mobility followed by a downturn at the end of the decade, affected females in a similar fashion, but for them the degree of both upward and downward impact is less dramatic. The explanation offered is in terms of occupational sex segregation. In terms of occupational attainment, the findings indicate that females reach greatest attainment when the opportunity exists for them to succeed in visible ways such as high academic performance and graduating in science. For women from a low socioeconomic background high academic performance and attending graduate school are even more important. The authors conclude that fewer tracks and a harder race emerge as the essential properties of female mobility and occupational attainment patterns.

A comparative study of variations in occup'al stratification & mobility of 4 countries. Data from the UK, Japan, the Netherlands & the US are presented in 8 tables. A dichotomy is noted between manual & non-manual & between inflow & outflow mobility. The basic data for the 4 countries are: the UK (manual mobility: inflow 24.83%; outflow 24.73%; nonmanual mobility: inflow 42.015; outflow 42.14%); Japan (12.43%, 23.70%, 48.00%, 29.66%); the Netherlands (18.73%, 19.77%, 44.84%0, 43.20%); & US (18.06%, 30.38%, 32.49%, 19.55%). It is concluded that the US has the highest rate of upward movement, ie manual to nonmanual; it also has the lowest rate of downward movement from the nonmanual stratum. The UK has the most downward movement & is 2nd in terms of upward mobility. But, contrary to popular opinion, the UK & the Netherlands are less congealed in some aspects of their soc structure than the US & Japan. I. Langnas.