Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe social power of music can effect stable and positive changes in individual health and communities that have significant health risks. Two observers, a medical student and a music student, discuss respectively the ideals and challenges of this principle put into practice. Their reflections about the role of music as social therapy and space for cultural communication stem from their one‐week involvement with the West‐Eastern Divan Orchestra at its summer institute in Spain.

A new and important model for international health originated in the 1920s as a rural health project in the Macedonian region of Yugoslavia. Thus, the involvement of international organisations in social stability and human security did not follow the Great Depression of the 1930s, as has been argued. In fact, the redefinition of the League of Nations' mandate began with its Health Organisation in the 1920s, growing from local health projects. These initiatives adapted principles of social medicine to address the challenges of constructing egalitarian democratic states in the agrarian peripheries of post-imperial Europe.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Introduction -- Social and Cultural Contributions to Health, Differences, and Inequalities -- Beyond Medicalisation -- On Being a Cripple -- What You Mourn -- Physicians' Juries for Defective Babies -- Blind, Deaf, and Pro-Eugenics: Helen Keller's Advice in Context -- Tell Me, Tell Me -- Instructions to Hearing Persons Desiring a Deaf Man -- I Have Diabetes. Am I to Blame? -- Twisted Lies: My Journey in an Imperfect Body -- Raising a Woman -- The Sick Wife -- The Loneliness of the Long-Term Care Giver -- Fathers and Sons -- Parents Support Group -- "Doctors Don't Know Anything": The Clinical Gaze in Migrant Health -- Anthropology in the Clinic: The Problem of Cultural Competency and How to Fix It -- Beyond Cultural Competence: Applying Humility to Clinical Settings -- The Racist Patient -- The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age -- Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine -- Structural Competency Meets Structural Racism: Race, Politics, and the Structure of Medical Knowledge -- Racial Categories in Medical Practice: How Useful Are They? -- Taking Race Out of Human Genetics: Engaging a Century-Long Debate about the Role of Race in Science -- Structural Racism and Health Inequities in the United States of America: Evidence and Interventions -- America's Hidden HIV Epidemic -- Is the Prescription Opioid Epidemic a White Problem? -- Understanding Associations between Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: Patterns and Prospects -- Can Disparities Be Deadly? Controversial Research Explores Whether Living in an Unequal Society Can Make People Sick -- Religion and Global Health -- Thinking through the Pain -- Unfinished Journey: The Struggle over Universal Health Insurance in the United States -- On Incarceration and Health: Reframing the Discussion -- Bioexpectations: Life Technologies as Humanitarian Goods -- About the Editors -- Index

Objective: This paper is to identify key areas where healthy living may be improved in India, and the converse, through cultivating connections at government, community, and at individual levels. Methods and Materials: Key healthy living issues for India were selected and relevant evidence obtained from internet sources together with personal experience over decades of multi- and inter-disciplinary international research activities. Approach: Key activities of connectivity in the development of Indian healthcare arising from "Methods and Materials" were evaluated. These included, the UN Millennium Development Goals, government-private interaction for healthcare benefit, family planning, Modicare 2015, women in society, business and clinical strategies, infrastructure, building "families", fish stocks preservation, ecological epidemiology, NCDs, and transgenesis. Results: In a nutritional context, "education for all" leading to connectivity and a pragmatic inspirational approach to understanding complex issues of population dynamics is essential. Of importance are scientific endeavours in agriculture and aquaculture, water utilization, food manufacture, complex issues of supply and demand at an economic eco-friendly and sustainable level, chemoprevention and treatment of diseases (where nutritionally applicable) such as with functional foods: all of which are so vital if one is to raise standards for healthy living in this century and beyond. Developing-India could be a test-bed for other countries to follow, having both the problems and professional understanding of issues raised. By 2025, the UK's Department for International Development programme in India aims to promote secondary school education for young girls, i.e., extending the age of marriage, and interventions that will lead to better health and nutrition, family planning, and developing skills for employment; and supporting India's "Right to Education Act". The outcome may result in smaller better-nourished higher-income families. Computer school networks at Nosegay Public School in Moradabad and the municipal authorities, there, aim to reduce the consumption of unhealthy foodstuff dictated by personal convenience, media influence, and urban retail outlets and promotions. The Tsim Tsoum Institute has advocated the adoption of the Mediterranean/Palaeolithic diet with its high omega-3: omega-6 fatty acid ratio aimed at an improvement in global health due to an expected reduction in the epidemic of pre-metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1,2]. Tomorrow, low-cost computer apps are advocated as a driving force in the selection of healthy foods, grown/produced under environmentally safe conditions, within retail outlets for use by mothers with limited budgets that may lead to a revolution in retail management and policy. Chemo-preventive prospective strategies such as those involving polyphenols, lignans, (found in fruits, vegetables, and soya) and other natural phytochemical products, and functional foods, which balance benefit and risk of disease, need to be continually developed, especially to reduce breast and prostate cancer. Conclusion: There is an opportunity to make nutrition a central part of the post-2015 sustainable human and agricultural development agenda for the The Expert Panel for the UN 2030 programme to consider. Solutions for cultivating connections and inspiring solutions for healthy living in India have included all the above issues and this swathe of actions, some within the Nagoya protocol, has been presented for the purpose of contributing towards the health of India.

Abstract
During the Second World War, medical academics hoped to reform medical practice and education in Great Britain, increasing doctors' sensitivity to the social and environmental causes of ill health and orientating them towards prevention At the start of the National Health Service (NHS), central planning aimed to raise the status of isolated urban general practitioners (GPs) by grouping them in an experimental health centre This offered a locus for social medicine, encouraging cooperation and research with local authority staff (nurses, midwives, and social workers) The Manchester case study confirms that health centre working could not be disseminated while conditions for teamwork were absent elsewhere The failure of academic planning can be attributed to a top-down approach upon demoralized urban practice While the participants did not form an autonomous group, economic incentives drove the growth of group practice elsewhere and made health centres superfluous to government The College of General Practitioners developed in parallel, offering an alternative path towards an academic discipline The case study also suggests a relationship between the emergence of groups and a psychological orientation in practice A patient-centred model became important within teaching and gave identity to the discipline, but it probably had little impact on everyday practice.

Latin American social medicine (LASM) emerged as a movement in the 1970s and played an important role in the Brazilian health care reform of the 1980s, both of which focused on decentralization and on health care as a social right. The dominant health care reform model in Latin America has included a market-driven, private subsystem for the insured and a public subsystem for the uninsured and the poor.