Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Infants are born into rich social networks and are faced with the challenge of learning about them. When infants observe social interactions, they make predictions about future behavior, but it is not clear whether these predictions are based on social dispositions, social relationships, or both. The current studies (N = 188, N = 90 males) address this question in 12-month-old infants and 16- to 18-month-old toddlers who observe social interactions involving imitation. In Studies 1 and 3, infants and toddlers expected that imitators, compared to non-imitators, would respond to their social partners' distress. Likewise, they expected the targets of imitation, compared to non-targets, to respond to their partner's distress. In Study 2, these expectations did not generalize to interactions with a new partner, providing evidence that infants learned about the relationships between individuals as opposed to their dispositions. In Study 3, infants did not make predictions about responses to laughter, suggesting that infants see imitation as indicative of a specific kind of social relationship. Together, these results provide evidence that imitative interactions support infants' and toddlers' learning about the social relationships connecting unknown individuals.

AbstractInterpersonal relationships are essential to well-being, and gifts are often given to cultivate these relationships. To inform gift givers of what to give and to gain insight into the connecting function of gifts, this research investigates what type of gift is better at strengthening relationships according to gift recipients—material gifts (objects for recipients to keep) or experiential gifts (events for recipients to live through). Experiments examining actual gift exchanges in real-life relationships reveal that experiential gifts produce greater improvements in relationship strength than material gifts, regardless of whether the gift giver and recipient consume the gift together. The relationship improvements that recipients derive from experiential gifts stem from the intensity of emotion that is evoked when they consume the gifts, rather than when the gifts are received. Giving experiential gifts is thus identified as a highly effective form of prosocial spending.

This study aims to understand whether the relationships adolescent bystanders of cyberbullying have with the victim and other bystanders and their self-efficacy beliefs may affect their use of aggressive language online. Students (676, Mage = 14.10, SD = 2.74, 55.5% male) answered questions about social media use, self-efficacy to solve cyberbullying situations, interpersonal relationships, and their use of verbal aggression to communicate online. Through structural equation modeling, results demonstrated that having a relationship with the victim or other bystanders mediated the relationship between observing cyberbullying behavior and bystanders' use of aggressive language online. The effect of observing cyberbullying behavior through having a relationship with the victim or other bystanders was lower than its direct effect on adolescent bystanders' use of aggressive language. Self-efficacy beliefs mediated the relationship between having a relationship with the victim and other bystanders and adolescents' use of aggressive language online. Implications for intervention in interpersonal communication online are proposed.

Intro -- An Other Kingdom -- Contents -- Signs of the Times -- Introduction: Context Is Decisive -- The Landscape of the Market World -- Enclosure -- Covenantal Versus Contractual Order -- The Neighborly Covenant -- Chapter 1 The Free Market Consumer Ideology -- Scarcity -- Certainty and Perfection -- Privatization -- The Institutional Assumptions -- Better Management/Technology Is the Fix -- Interpersonal Is a Problem -- Competition Trumps Trust -- Toward a Neighborly Culture -- A Culture Based on Covenant -- Chapter 2 Neighborly Beliefs -- Abundance -- Mystery -- Mystery at Work -- A Place for God -- Holiness -- Wilderness -- Fallibility -- Failing to Be God -- Grief -- The Common Good -- Chapter 3 Enough Is Enough: Limits of the Market Ideology -- The Consumer Market Disciplines -- Surplus -- Predictability and Control -- Speed and Convenience -- The Sale of Convenience -- Convenience Displaces Capacity -- Digital Solutions -- The Meaning of Money -- Money and the Machine -- Wishing for Safety, Believing in Growth -- Competition and Class -- Class by Design -- Class Warfare and the Distribution of Wealth -- The Myth of Individualism -- Chapter 4 Tentacles of Empire -- The Corporatization of Schools -- No View from the Top -- End of Aliveness -- Mobility and Isolation -- Un-Productive Wealth -- Violence -- Illusion of Reform -- Chapter 5 The Common Good Is the New Frontier -- The Neighborly Covenant -- The Commons -- An Alternative Social Order -- Resisting the Empire -- Off-Market Possibilities -- The Neighborly Way -- The Alternative to Restless Productivity -- The Shadow Side of Community -- Chapter 6 The Disciplines of Neighborliness -- Time -- A Time for All Things -- Time Is the Devil -- Standing in Line -- Kairos -- Food -- Food and Sacred Re-Performance -- The Local Food Movement -- Food and Culture -- Silence -- Listening.

In this paper, we seek to unravel and interrogate the aesthetics of the museum database, and the links between digital and social relationships within the museum and beyond, using as a case study the development of an integrated database system for the Vanuatu Cultural Centre, or Vanuatu Kaljoral Senta (VKS). The VKS database both draws relationships of knowledge, practice, and collection into view and generates connections in a newly national trilingual space. We ask: What are the implications of mapping the social onto the digital and vice versa? What is the efficacy of digital connectivity on museum practices, and other social networks? Does the digital domain create a new national aesthetic of connection and relationality, and how might we rethink the nation in this new aesthetic frame? How do digital relationships affect the production of new collections and new relations to the object world? How does this electronic infrastructure generate or perpetuate hierarchies of knowledge and the political economy of information?RésuméA partir d'une étude de cas sur le développement d'un système de base de données intégré pour le Centre culturel du Vanuatu (Vanuatu Kaljoral Senta – VKS), les auteurs s'efforcent d'éclaircir et de questionner l'esthétique de cette base de données ainsi que les liens entre relations numériques et sociales à l'intérieur de ce musée et au‐delà. La base de données du VKS met en évidence des relations entre savoir, pratique et collection et crée des liens dans un nouvel espace national trilingue. Quelles sont les implications d'une cartographie du social dans le numérique, et vice versa ? Quelle est l'efficacité d'une connexion numérique aux pratiques du musée et aux autres réseaux sociaux ? Le domaine numérique crée‐t‐il une nouvelle esthétique nationale des connexions et des relations, et comment peut‐on repenser la nation dans ce nouveau cadre esthétique ? Comment les relations numériques affectent‐elles la production de nouvelles collections et de nouvelles relations au monde des objets ? Comment cette infrastructure électronique génère ou perpétue‐t‐elle les hiérarchies du savoir et l'économie politique de l'information ?

Background: Evidence suggests a much higher prevalence of postpartum depression in South Asia than in 'western' contexts. Aim: To conduct a rapid systematic review of evidence on the association between social relationships and postpartum depression in South Asia. Methods: Five databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies meeting the selection and quality criteria were analysed and integrated in a narrative review. Results: Nine mostly quantitative studies were included in the review. Low support and poor relationships with the husband and parents-in-law were associated with postpartum depression, although associations were weakened in multivariate analyses. The different dimensions of support have not yet been systematically investigated and the likely complex interrelationships between social relationship risk factors are not yet well understood. Conclusions: Findings mirror those from 'western' contexts, showing the key role of social relationships in the aetiology of postpartum depression. Yet, they also reinforce the hypothesis that the social and cultural context influences the association. The importance of relationships with the extended family, as well as the husband, in South Asia is highlighted. Further research is recommended to develop an understanding of these relationships to better inform interventions.