Suchergebnisse

As armies across Europe are currently developing capabilities to fight a high-intensity conventional war against a peer adversary, these armies will have to develop units that can fight independently in a complex environment, with limited direction from higher levels of command. Integral to this process is the need for a competent practice of mission command, viewed as a key component of maneuver warfare. The article identifies a set of enablers that need to be present in a military organization in order to practice mission command efficiently, including shared understanding and trust; initiative; a tolerant approach to failure, success, and learning; and the acceptance of mission command as an all-encompassing practice. The article then presents data from interviews with Swedish army officers focusing on the presence and significance of these enablers in their professional context. The article concludes that the increasing complexity of the peacetime tasks performed by military officers give rise to conflicting leadership demands. Consequently, exercising mission command and socializing younger colleagues into the practice is a far from straightforward process, which frequently competes with other demands placed on officers by their colleagues, the organization that they are part of, or the broader societal context.

The long-term outcomes of reform processes in the public sector remain understudied in the literature. This study investigates the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) employees' and managers' translation and internalization of their new role as societal developers. Since the STA's founding in 2010 and until 2018, the STA head office neither guided nor centrally determined how to define and understand the STA's role as a societal developer. We examine this internalization process through the lens of Czarniawska's translation model of the distribution of ideas as a collective creation through local translation and adaptation. The study shows that the ongoing friction that occurs when the concept and role of a societal developer are discussed and disseminated within an organization is influenced by prevailing identities and local action nets. It also shows that the translation of this new role eventually failed, due to either it being submerged within already-existing concepts or it having a perceived lack of relevance. We conducted this mixed-method study over six years (2016–2021) using documentary analysis, workshop participation, interviews and a survey.

This paper contributes to the understanding of power structures in civil society by the exploring organizational connections of leaders holding multiple top-level leadership positions in resource-rich civil society organizations (CSOs) in Sweden. Based on unique association network data among national level CSOs collected in 2018, we discuss possible explanations behind the observed clusters of organizational connections via leader interlocks. Our results show that the resource-rich, national CSOs in Sweden are highly connected with each other via leader interlocks. We find that working within similar policy areas, sharing similar ideological backgrounds or historical legacies, and being a member of sectoral umbrella organizations or federations are among the salient characteristics of CSOs connected via leader interlocks. We suggest a multilevel understanding of leader interlocks among CSOs, including those at the individual level, as an avenue for further research. The focus on the individual level explanation would allow an understanding of the field of CSOs through the lens of an elite phenomenon rather than an organization-centered view.

The present research examines the history of the Evangelical Christian Church in Harbin among Russian emigrants from the date of community foundation in 1911 till the mid-1940s, when the activity of the parish practically ceased. Religious diversity was formed in the Russian enclave of the right-of-way of Chinese Eastern Railway from the very beginning of its construction. Protestantism represented during these years by Lutheranism, Baptism, Adventism and Evangelicalism was a part of such diversity. In many respects, the religious picture was determined by the multinational and multiconfessional composition of the Russian Empire. After the Civil War and the loss of extraterritoriality Evangelical Christians remained in Harbin, the most populated city of Chinese Eastern Railway, as emigrants. The community had several rented prayer houses in the city. During the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1940s, former Russian nationals began to leave the country. By the mid-1940s the parish actually ceased to exist. It is concluded that owing to the continuous work of church ministers and the absence of pressure from the authorities of Manchukuo and the Russian Fascist Party, the community was able to survive until the departure of Russian emigrants from the country.

The American missionary encounter in Egypt -- The American mission, Coptic reform, and the making of an Egyptian evangelical community, 1854-82 -- The colonial moment of the American mission, 1882-1918 -- Egyptian nationalism, religious liberty, and the rethinking of the American mission, 1918-45 -- The mission of the American University in Cairo -- Turning to the life of the church: American mission in an age of Egyptian decolonization and Arab-Israeli politics, 1945-67 -- Conclusion: conversions and transformations

The purpose of this study was to assess core values and attitudes among conscribed soldiers volunteering for international peacekeeping missions (n=146), by a comparison with conscripts from the same class and regiment that did not apply for international missions (n=275).The sample consisted of an entire class of conscribed soldiers whereof 389 completed all three repeated surveys. There were no demographical differences between the groups. Volunteers expressed higher altruistic basic values and held more positive attitudes toward their military education. The findings in this study are of importance for the Swedish armed forces as success in international missions is dependent on soldiers with sound values in order to better understand different cultures in the areas where deployments now are taking place.

1. The historical development of the use of popular music in Christian contexts -- 2. The historical background and development of alternative worship -- 3. NGM in Bristol, England : popular music, 'church planting' -- 4. 24-7 mission on Ibiza, Spain : electronic dance music, spirituality and community -- 5. Artisan and tribe in New York : network sociality, ambient electronic dance music, and urban contexts -- 6. Theorising religion and popular music.

Intro -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Purpose and Motivations of the Current Dissertation -- Situation in Moldova -- Situation in the Union of Evangelical Christian Baptist Churches -- Definition of the Basic Conceptual Apparatus -- Missio Dei -- Evangelical Churches -- Eastern European Orthodox Context -- Overview of the Presented Dissertation -- Expected Results -- Part 1 The Evangelical Churches in an Orthodox Context in Moldova -- CHAPTER 1 The Birth and Development of Evangelical Churches in Moldavian Orthodox Context -- The Emergence of Christianity in the Territory of Moldova -- The Emergence of Orthodoxy in the Territory of Moldova -- The Emergence of the First Non-Orthodox Groups -- Communities of Molokans -- Mennonite Communities -- Evangelical Communities -- Baptist Communities -- General Overview and Conclusions -- The Growth of Evangelical Churches in Moldova in the Period (1918-1944) -- Self-identification of Moldavian Evangelical Baptists -- New Challenges -- The Growth of Evangelical Churches in the Soviet Period (1944-1991) -- Evangelical Churches in Stalin's Time -- Evangelical Churches in Khrushchev's Time -- Evangelical Churches in Brezhnev's Time -- Evangelical Churches in Gorbachev's Time -- Conclusions -- CHAPTER 2 Mission of Evangelical Churches in Moldova from the End of the Twentieth to the First Decade of the Twenty-First Century -- Religious Situation after Collapse of the USSR Block -- Evangelistic Crusades and Church Growth in Independent Moldova -- Theological Reflections in the ECB Union -- Conclusions -- CHAPTER 3 Contemporary Relationships between Evangelicals and the Orthodox Church -- The Orthodox Church in Moldova in the Early 21st Century -- Proselytism and Foundations for Conflict between Evangelicals and the Orthodox Church -- Overview of the Moldavian Situation.

This article explores contemporary understandings of military duty and dynamics of cohesion during deployment with a focus on host–citizen relations. Duty is treated as a perception-based dynamic construct shaped, in part, by operational experiences. Traditionally, Western military duty is defined by conventional obligations of loyalty to the military unit and mission in the context of combat operations, in these ways linked to military cohesion. However, in response to increasingly "population-oriented" military operations, I argue the need to broaden the study of military duty and cohesion beyond interpersonal bonds of the military organization to include the role of host–citizen relations. In-depth interviews with Swedish service members reaffirm the centrality of conventional duty to the mission and military unit, yet also indicate varying levels and forms of obligations to local actors. Overall, understandings of duty matter to cohesion both as a unifying force and source of tension within the mission.

Think tanks, defined as organizations that produce policy research for political purposes (McGann, 2007; Medvetz, 2008), are an increasingly ubiquitous type of policy actor world-wide. In Sweden, the last 20 years' sharp increase in think tank numbers (Åberg, Einarsson, & Reuter, 2019) has coincided with the decline of the traditional Swedish corporatist model based on the intimate involvement of the so-called 'popular movements' in policy-making (Lundberg, 2014; Micheletti, 1995). Contrary to the large, mass-membership based and democratically organized movement organizations, think tanks are small, professionalized, expert-based, and seldom represent any larger membership base. Their increasingly important role as the ideological greenhouses in Swedish civil society might, therefore, be interpreted as an indication of an increasingly elitist and professionalized character of the latter. But what is a think tank? The article explores how a shared understanding of what constitutes a think tank is constructed by think-tankers themselves. In the study, interviewed think tank executives and top-level staff reflect upon their own organizations' missions and place in the Swedish policy system.