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Purpose: The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the shape of current civic education in Polish schools. Methodology: The results of the analysis presented in this article are based on the following research question: What shape of civic education can be reconstructed on the basis of the researched sources? The method of collecting data is finding secondary sources and documents. The method of analysing data is content analysis. The research sample includes legal act regarding education law, new school core curricula that have been implemented since 2017/2018 school year and publications showing results of research on civic education in Poland. Findings: Within the framework of civic education in Polish schools, emphasis was placed on knowledge and on adaptive and reconstructive function of schools. Deficiencies in terms of skills and attitudes assumed in the core curricula indicate that neither has there been an establishment of active citizenship, nor has any emphasis been placed on developing attitudes. Results of the research indicates that legal regulation regarding social bodies such student self-government fail to give these authorities significant powers and opportunities for the experience of democracy by students are very limited. Civic education in Polish schools is not learning in democracy, it is learning about democracy.

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. ; The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the European Union's strategies both set goals for solving environmental challenges faced by societies and communities. As part of solving these challenges, both the UN and the EU stress the development of entrepreneurial and innovative education. Teacher education plays a crucial role in these efforts, since teachers and teacher educators have a significant impact on educating citizens far into the future. In this research, we studied how Nordic (Finnish, Swedish, and Icelandic) primary teacher education curricula involve entrepreneurial, sustainable, and pro-environmental education. For this study, the authors analyzed the B.Ed. curricula of three academic teacher education institutions in Spring 2021. We used qualitative content analysis as our research method. According to the results, all three curricula incorporated both entrepreneurship education and sustainable development to some extent, although often not very explicitly. Given the urgency of problems such as global climate change, the educational goals and contents in these curricula related to entrepreneurial education and sustainable development are very limited. The idea of integrating environmental/sustainable and entrepreneurship education could be promoted in the future more explicitly, with these interdisciplinary educational themes emphasised more strongly in the curricula and education policies. ; Peer reviewed

The teacher education is a period of great moments of rupture, which relate to the need of giving voice and working conditions to the movements of innovation and pedagogical renewal, who pretend to transmit new representations and positive expectations. Train teachers for the millennium and the knowledge society, where combat digital illiteracy is assumed to be urgent concern is a task that motivates educational reform movements that cross the world. However, this reform movement, should also mean that believes not only in the initial training - first step to permanently downgrade - which must be exhausting efforts personal, professional, institutional, political, budgetary and financial these new winds of reformism educational and systemic. Should mean, above all, a commitment to the teacher education, in response to the challenge of breaking the commonplace to recognize in theory its importance but simultaneously attend to the placing of obstacles to its implementation in schools. This chapter intends to describe the evolution of Teacher Education in Portugal, in the context of these variables, following a diachronic line, with emphasis on the current situation. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper provides an overview of initial education in Malta, setting the programme in its national context and indicating the various social, economic, political and demographic forces that shaped the development of education and ITE in the past. ; peer-reviewed

Environmental education in elementary schools is one of the important issues related to the overall institutional education. During the last few decades we have witnessed threats to the environment which have made the environmental education of young people a necessity. The process of this education should be continuously examined and improved. It has been noticed that along with education, it there is a growing need for more effective environmental training. The education system in schools is formed according to guidelines set by legislation, curriculum and educational standards relevant to the level of achievement of students and binding for all participants in the teaching process. An analysis of class 5-8 standardized geography curriculum emphasizes the lacks of environmental education goals, general and operational tasks, curriculum contents and instructions for teaching environmental protection related curriculum. With the aim of improving teaching methods and achieving better results concerning environmental awareness among students, the paper presents suggestions for improving the existing primary school geography curriculum.

In a context defined by the internationalisation of educational policies and the supranational nature of school programmes, we highlight the desirability of promoting local strategies for teaching environmental sustainability in order to contribute to the formation of global citizenship in children. Based on the experience of a horticultural curricular project in a school in northern Spain, the aim of this article is to reflect on the need for socio-educational communities to transform the objectives of environmental education into tools with which children can co-responsibly build connections to modify or enrich their everyday concepts of caring for the planet. To do this, semiotic analysis of different official school documents is used as a key methodology. Our findings invite consideration of the fact that pedagogies designed to train children in global citizenship competencies should not be limited to the classroom or to reproducing the proposals of institutional documents. Rather, they should be based on the prior knowledge and experiences of all members of the community, above all, of the children. From this perspective, the promotion of empirical learning situations is essential for the acquisition of meaningful and appropriate environmental contents, in the sense that they allow children, as future global citizens, to recognise the ethical repercussions of their own actions and decisions.

Purpose
Halfway into the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) timeline, we deemed fruitful an injunction into current teacher education (TE) practices at higher educational institutes (HEIs). The scoping literature review used all known English nomenclature interrelating to environment, sustainability, development, and education as regards TE. We explicated and modelled the data through timelines favourable to UN initiatives within a spatiotemporal metric. Thematic research topics and research methodologies strictly pertaining to TE were rigorously researched and delineated. Our study aims to elucidate a grander picture of the trends-as-patterns of environmental and sustainability education in teacher education (ESE-TE) research in HEI and potential contributions to come.


Design/methodology/approach
The spatiotemporal study adopts a scoping review as an investigative tool to probe current research trends on ESE-TE in the academic literature with respect to thematic research topics and research methodologies midway through the SDGs.


Findings
A total of 2,142 research papers spanning five decades, 152 journals and 96 countries were screened equally by two researchers. Of the 788 papers deemed eligible (i.e. English-language, peer-reviewed, pre-service/in-service TE that explicitly mentioned ESE-TE research), data from 638 studies have been included in the authors' study.


Originality/value
Comprehensive trends in the international literature of all known environmental and sustainable education nomenclature specific to international ESE-TE research throughout the time period (1974 – 2021) were identified. Value is accrued by illuminating international trends in research topics and methodologies, exposing gaps in the history of the subfield, and predicting future trends for Agenda 2030 (e.g. SDG 4 – education) to mature the field.