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The alteration of natural flows due to water withdrawals and the presence of hydraulic infrastructure poses significant threats to the integrity of riverine ecosystems. The establishment of environmental flows (EF) has been conceived as a water management tool to mitigate the impact of in-stream flows alteration. To date, a large body of literature has focused on methods to define EF, but less attention has been paid to documenting and assessing their actual implementation on the ground. This article provides a framework to describe and assess the process of design, application, and monitoring of EF at a river basin level. The framework is applied to Spain, where significant efforts have been made during the past decade to define and implement EF across the country. The goal of the paper is to identify strengths and opportunities for improving the implementation of EF at country level. The Spanish legislation establishes that EF should contribute to the achievement of the good ecological status of surface water bodies as required by the European Union Water Framework Directive. Several pitfalls in the design, application, and monitoring of this important river management measure constrain the ability of the existing EF to deliver that fundamental outcome.

Abstract
After Poland gained independence in 1918, logic developed very quickly both as a scientific direction and as a taught discipline. This introduction to the special issue "Logic in Poland in the 20th Century," published in Volume 13:1 (2024) and Volume 13:2 (2024), provides the historical context for the development of logic in the interwar period.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 3(2), 2012 ; This paper examines the role of ICT in education with focus on university undergraduates taking mathematics as a course. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. 150 questionnaires were administered to the first year students offering MA112 which was completed and returned in the lecture hall. According to the study ICT usage shows that majority (32.7%) use technology once or more in a day. Again the majority of the respondents (35%) said that the greatest barrier to using ICT is technical. The survey shows that there is significant correlation between the students and the use of ICT in their studies. However difficulties facing ICT usage is highly significant also. This shows that students have negative attitudes towards using ICT in their academic work. This is a foundational problem which cannot be over emphasized. Most of the students have never practice using ICT in their primary and secondary schools. Recommendations were made, that the government should develop ICT policies and guidelines to support all levels of education from primary schools to university. ICT tools should be made more accessible to both academic staff and students. ; http://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume3No2/Paper%2024%20-%20The%20Role%20of%20ICT%20in%20Education%20Focus%20on%20University%20Undergraduates%20taking%20Mathematics%20as%20a%20Course.pdf

According to the UN, in 2015 the number of international migrants was estimated on 244 million, which means that 3,3 percent of the world's population is on the move or live in a country other than his/her country of birth/origin. Globally, in 2014, the number of refugees was estimated approximately 20 million, which has been increasing since the so-called "refugee crisis" has started. This increase in the number of movers called attention to migration studies and approached the issue from a different perspective, under an international and interdisciplinary point of view. Therefore, the 5th edition of The Migration Conference has been organized in a fully inclusive way, bringing about 500 scholars, researches, representatives of policy making bodies, media, and NGOs all around the world together in Athens, Greece. The 6th edition of The Migration Conference in June 2018 at the University of Lisbon is expected to continue this tradition.

'Complicated Entanglements: Rethinking Pluralism in the 21st Century' is an interdisciplinary conference that aims to examine the recent resurgence of discourse around multiculturalism in the cultural sphere. This conference brings together major scholars from Anthropology, Art History, Canadian Studies, English, French, Political Science and Sociology as well as artists, community activists, cultural policy makers, and an exciting group of emerging young curators. Our intention, through the conference, related exhibition, international co-publication and creation of a web-based community is to consolidate current work being done on pluralism in the arts, and to foster a collective and on-going forum for debate. While much has been written on multiculturalism in the social sciences, comparatively little has been done in the arts, where artists, writers, filmmakers and performers imagine and define who we are as a nation. Timed to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act and recent discussions of race, religion and culture around events such as 9/11 and the Bouchard-Taylor commission, this conference could not be more relevant or more timely. ; Complicated Entanglements: Rethinking Pluralism in the 20th Century , conference, ICI Berlin, 4–6 April 2008