Suchergebnisse

The study examined road rehabilitation in Ibadan North East Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria. The data used in this study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data was obtained through a reconnaissance survey and administration of the questionnaire. The reconnaissance survey is appropriate to establish the nature of an environment, event or situation before making decisions. The population for this study consists of all the residents available in Ibadan north local government. Both descriptive and thematic content analysis was employed in the analysis. Findings showed that rehabilitation (3.33) is the most desirable facility in the study area. Construction, maintenance, traffic management capacity building and street naming followed with 3.01, 2.56, 2.42, 2.28 and 2.12, respectively. The study concluded that compensation is an important factor that can enhance sustainable urban renewal programme, and therefore resident whose building was affected are to be compensated so that they could secure a better place for living or for their transaction.

The influence of climatic conditions of precipitation and evapotranspiration exercise great control on soil water budget. This is fundamental to crop production and hydrological processes. This study assessed the temporal variability of soil moisture condition of Ibadan, Nigeria using the water budget approach. Specifically the study analyzed the climatic variables of monthly rainfall and means monthly air temperature, computed the mean monthly evapotranspiration values, plots the water budget graph, and discussed the implications of the observed seasonal trend in water budget condition on agricultural activities and hydrological processes. Monthly rainfall and mean monthly air temperature data used were collected from the archives of the Nigeria meteorological agency for the period 2008-2020. Monthly potential evapotranspiration data used in the study was estimated from the mean monthly air temperature data. The monthly rainfall data and the monthly evapotranspiration data were used to plot the water budget graph. Results revealed temporal variability in soil moisture condition. Water deficit condition was observed between November and April while water surplus condition was observed between May and October. The highest water surplus condition was observed in September (111.9mm) while the highest deficit condition (-125.64mm) was observed in December. The month of October recorded the lowest water surplus condition (41.30mm) while the month of April recorded the lowest water deficit condition (-10.10mm). The implications of the observed seasonal variation in soil moisture status on agricultural activities and hydrological processes were discussed.

This paper did a critical assessment of waste management problems in Ibadan South-West Local Government Area (LGA) of Oyo State in Nigeria. Six hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r) at a significant level (α-level) of 0.01, to check the significant relationships of six identified factors that contributed to the waste management problems in the study area. The results of the hypotheses tested indicated that there were significant relationships between the problems and the educational background of the city dwellers. The nonchalant attitude of the inhabitants towards their environment is another significant contributory factor to waste management problems in Ibadan South-west LGA. Lack of adequate number of environmental-health personnel and good operational equipments to work with also posed a big problem to waste management in the study area. The results further revealed that the area suffered waste management problems due to lack of proper physical town planning and lack of adequate funding to support the poor environmental state of health of the community. The concerned authorities were thereby advised to take note of the six factors highlighted in the study and to also effect necessary changes to mitigate the effects of these problems.

This cross-sectional design study examined rural-urban fertility differences in The Gambia. We used the 2019-20 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey data. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select women of reproductive age (8,747 urban & 3,119 rural). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kitagawa's Decomposition technique, and the negative binomial (NB) model, α = .05. The mean Children Ever Born (CEB) was higher in the rural (3.25 ± 3.02) than in the urban (2.19 ± 2.45) areas. In the urban and rural areas, 82.8% and 95.1% of women aged 45–49 years who had had three children progressed to fourth birth, respectively. The parity progression rate (λ) was lower in the urban (-0.0647) than in the rural (-0.051). The difference between the standardized fertility rates in rural and urban areas was 83.2 in The Gambia, and the effect of the age composition attributable to this difference was 8.11%. The fertility incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 44% (IRR = 1.440, 95% CI [1.371, 1.513], p < .001) higher in the rural than the urban areas. A similar pattern of rural-urban differences in fertility was observed in the full model. Childbearing progression was higher in rural areas than urban areas and rural-urban differences exist in fertility determinants in The Gambia. Thus, rural-urban-specific fertility reduction programs may address the observed fertility differences in the rural and urban areas in The Gambia.

This work aims to assess household solid wastes based on recovery and utilization within three different income groups of Ibadan North local government area and investigate the management system. Ibadan north local government was divided into three groups based on income generation. Household Solid Wastes generated on daily basis were sampled from each section. The average Household Solid Wastes (HSW) generation for the high income group, was 0.62kg/head/day, 0.34kg/head/day for medium income group and 0.24kg/head/day for low income group respectively. While the recoverable wastes were found to consist of 21.5, 38.8, 25.8, and 13.9% respectively for paper, plastic/rubber, nylon and metal/tin wastes. The utilization percentage were, 20% paper wastes, 5.8% plastic/rubber wastes, 1.7% nylon wastes and 6.7% metal/tin wastes among all three income groups. Extent of utilization to that of recoverable wastes was substantially low when compared with the total composition of waste in all the groups that cannot be reused and recovered. Hence, this indicates that a larger quantity of recoverable waste goes directly from household to landfill unrecovered. As a result, efforts should be made to recover all the recyclable wastes which would be made easier through sorting of wastes before disposal, as this will go a long way in reducing the quantity of wastes that goes into landfill.

The choice of language to convey specific message with the intention of influencing people is vitally important. As we all know; human experience involves so much migration and blending of people with different ethnic and language groups over time. This is important because it reminds us that differences in treatment of ethnic and language groups are based on social distinctions, not innate biological distinctions. Thus, we specifically explore respondents' tussle to secure public accommodation and the infringement of right on accommodation in Yoruba on language discriminations. The paper adopted interview as a means of data collection with 10 respondents that cut across different government parastatal, institution, self-employed and artisan within Ibadan. The respondents' interactions that were recorded were subjected to transcriptions. It was observed that the non-native speakers of Yoruba in Ibadan were discriminated against based on their ethnicity or language affiliations. This has exceptionally creates gaps, propelled disunity and hatred between the native and non-native speakers of Yoruba in Ibadan. Hence, the non-native speakers of Yoruba in their views opined that, if they can be permitted to live in the environments surrounded by their ethnic or language affiliations, there will be mutual intelligibility and it will give them advantage to interact effectively and peradventure, if quarrels emanates, they will be able to know the possible means of settling them. The paper concludes that, public awareness and enlightenment should be organized constantly by the host community; and that government should re- visit the issue of national language.