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Abstract
Loss of an arm is a devastating condition that can cross all socioeconomic groups. A major step forward in rehabilitation of amputees has been the development of myoelectric prostheses. Current robotic arms allow voluntary movements by using residual muscle contraction. However, a significant issue is lack of movement control and sensory feedback. These factors play an important role in integration and embodiment of a robotic arm. Without feedback, users rely on visual cues and experience overwhelming cognitive demand that results in poorer use of a prosthesis. The complexity of the afferent system presents a great challenge of creating a closed-loop hand prosthesis. Several groups have shown progress providing sensory feedback for upper limb amputees using robotic arms. Feedback, although still limited, is achieved through direct implantation of intraneural electrodes as well as through non-invasive methods. Moreover, evidence shows that over time some amputees develop a phantom sensation of the missing limb on their stump. This phenomenon can occur spontaneously as well as after non-invasive nerve stimulation, suggesting the possibility of recreating a sensory homunculus of the hand on the stump. Furthermore, virtual reality simulation in combination with mechanical stimulation of skin could augment the sensation phenomenon, leading to better interface between human and robotic arms.

This project explores the roles of the Senate of Canada and the House of Lords in their democracies within their legal systems, in their controversies and recommendations for reform or abolition, and in their functionality. Using formal-legal and new institutionalist political science, this undertaking is completed with both a view to the internal legal workings of the countries under consideration, and also with awareness to other chambers and parliamentary systems through the world. This thesis takes the stance that the chambers are fundamentally important to the functioning and the vitality of our parliamentary systems, and that their reform or abolition would undermine democracy itself as their important work must be carried out in the way they have been set up in order to ensure peak functionality. ; May 2019

The Anatolian Middle Bronze Age (MBA) is roughly contemporary with the Isin-Larsa Period followed by the Old Babylonian Kingdom in southern Mesopotamia, the Old Assyrian Period in northern Mesopotamia, the Syrian Middle Bronze I-II Period characterised by urban centres such as Ebla, Mari and the kingdom of Yamkhad, and the Middle Kingdom to Second Intermediate Period in Egypt. Many sites with MBA levels continued into the Late Bronze Age (LBA) with little change in cultural assemblages or technologies. The figure of the ruler Anitta provides historical continuity for the MBA and LBA polities in Central Anatolia. Anatolian art of the LBA is best known for its architectural sculpture and rock reliefs. The west Anatolian kingdom of Lydia, the last independent polity of Anatolia with linguistic links to Anatolian Indo- European Bronze Age languages, succeeded the Phrygian kingdom at the beginning of the 6th century. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion