Suchergebnisse

Fujita, Krugman and Venables (FKV) develop a model in which international wage differentials encourage industrial mobility. We argue that globalization has another important dimension. Shocks may originate in a single country but, with modern transportation and telecommunications media, shocks spread quickly and with multiple shocks complex spillovers will be generated. We assess these forces in an analysis of international wage convergence, identifying a non‐linear relationship and showing that not all countries converge. Given that the FKV model omits many of the causes of non‐convergence, our evidence further demonstrates that the FKV model could usefully be extended.

The main objective of this study is to estimate the effects of education on earnings of Malaysians. To achieve the objective, a Mincerian earning function has been estimated using Malaysia's Household Income Survey 2009. Apart from considering levels of qualification, factors such as age, marital status, ethnicity, occupational types and geographical locations have been considered in the estimations. The results show that the rates of return in Malaysia are high and positive, especially at the upper secondary and university education levels. Male workers, on average, received 40.3% higher than their female counterparts, holding other factors constant. There is also significant evidence of wage differential attributable to regional/urban-rural locations in Malaysia. By occupational activities, our estimates suggest that employers received the highest income, followed by those in public service, private sector, and then self-employed workers. Wage differential in Malaysia is also explained by ethnicity.

Defense date: 09/11/2009 ; Examining Board: Professor Francis Vella, Georgetown University, Supervisor Professor Andrea Ichino, University of Bologna Professor Harmut Lehmann, University of Bologna Professor Ana Rute Cardoso, Institut d'Anàlisi Economica, Barcelona ; In this thesis I aim to contribute to the labor economics literature by casting more light on i) measurement errors regarding data on occupational affiliations, ii) worker mobility across occupations and iii) wage differentials between part-time and full-time workers with comparable skills. Throughout, I focus on German labor markets. Germany is one of the major economies in the world and the most important one in Europe. I employ individual level panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). The GSOEP has started in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984 with around 12,000 respondents representative of the entire residential population. Since then, several samples are added occasionally to reflect the changing population structure of the Germany, like the expansion of the GSOEP to the former German Democratic Republic in June 1990. GSOEP has several advantages as it is based on a rather stable set of questions regarding the demographics, education, earnings and labor market dynamics. Due to its panel data structure, individuals can be followed over time. Together with recently developed econometric methods for panel data, this allows for analyzing the importance of dynamics in individual's decisions.

Since 1998 in the Public Administration there are statutory workers ('estatutários') and others hired by the CLT labor regime ('celetistas'). Thisfact occurs due the Constitutional Amendment number 19 , formulated that year, which has changed the article 39 of Brazilian Constitution. It allowed public entities to hire employees under CLT legislation. This situation lasted until 2007 when the Supreme Court of Brazil suspended such modification and so the original understanding of the Constitution was reestablished. This work intends to evaluate the wage differential between statutory and CLT employees by means of an econometric approach. Using a fixed effectsregression we have analyzed the impact of the labor regime upon public workers wages and using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition we quantified how much of such differential is due the labor regime and how much is due to the individual characteristics (education, tenure and others). There are evidences that CLT workers have in average wages R$ 310.00 lower than statutory. Controlling by occupation we also see a negative prize to CLT worker to all groups except by the High Skilled Workers that have a salary R$ 95.98 higher than the Statutory. Low Skilled Workers show the smallest differential (R$ 12.20) followed by Teachers and Researchers (R$ 85.27) and Technicians (R$ 97.11). The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition shows that the largest part is not explained by endowments differences. The spending with wages and benefits to public employees is one of the main debates in the current scenario of fiscal adjustment facing the relevant increase of Public Debt in the last years. The Brazilian society has a perception that the Government has an excessive amount of workers and furthermore these onesreceive higher wages without a reasonable explanation when compared to similar occupations in private companies. At the end of 2017 the Brazilian Government presented an action plan to reduce the spending with wages and benefits of public employees. Among the proposals there were ...

This study compares the structure and determinants of inter-industry wage differentials in Eastern and Western European countries (namely Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Spain compared with Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia). To do so, we use a unique harmonised, linked employer-employee data set, the 2002 European Structure of Earnings Survey. Findings show substantial differences in earnings across sectors in all countries, even when controlling for a wide range of employee, job and employer characteristics. The hierarchy of sectors in terms of wages appears to be quite similar in Eastern and Western European countries. Among high-wage sectors, we find the energy (coke, petroleum, gas, electricity and nuclear power), chemical, financial and computer industries. In contrast, it is in the traditional sectors (wood and cork industry, textile, clothing and leather industry, hotels and restaurants, and retailing) that wages are lowest. Further results suggest that the dispersion of inter-industry wage differentials fluctuates considerably across countries. It is relatively small in Norway and Belgium, large in the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland and the Czech Republic, and very large in Portugal, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia. Our findings support the hypothesis of a negative relationship between the dispersion of inter-industry wage differentials and a country's degree of corporatism.