Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTThis Project Describes a rural water supply project in Senegal, West Africa, carried out in phases by Balfours, during the period 1983‐88.The first phase was a study, followed by detailed survey, construction works and borehole drilling.The scheme was financed by a $6 million grant from the Overseas Development Administration (ODA). British equipment such as the vehicles, pumps, elevated sectional steel water towers, pipes and fittings, were purchased and shipped to Senegal by the Crown Aents.Balfours designed, specified, and supervised the construction of water supply systems in 18 villages in Senegal comprising deep boreholes, pumping plant, elevated sectional steel water towers, and limited piped distribution systems. In order to ensure a full understanding of the project by the people it was to serve, and because major international contractors were unwilling to bid for a project which was scattered across a large area of Senegal, the work was carried out by direct labour, much of which was recruited in the villages in which the works were located. About 85000 people and 250000 cattle and sheep were provided with safe, reliable supplies of clean drinking water, as a result of the project.

Reprint of former EM 1110-345-228, 2 July 1958. ; Includes appendix. ; At head of title: Department of the Army Technical Manual. ; Cover title. ; "October 1965." ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 14

Intro -- WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, DISTRIBUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS -- WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, DISTRIBUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- WATER RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES IN SUDAN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WATER RESOURCES -- 2.1. The Nile System -- 2.2. Ground Water -- 3. USES OF WATER -- 4. WATER QUALITY AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT -- 4.1. Groundwater and Environment -- 5. WATER MANAGEMENT, POLICIES AND LEGISLATION RELATED TO WATER USE -- 5.1. Institutions -- 5.2. Water Management -- 5.3. Legislation -- 5.4. Finances -- 5.5. The Policy Regime in Water Quality Management -- 5.6. Sustainable Development -- 6. SMALL WATER ENTERPRISES (SWES) -- 6.1. Problems -- 7. SAFE WATER FOR NEW MILLENNIUM -- 8. ECONOMY, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY -- 8.1. Water Management -- 8.2. Evolution of Irrigation Development -- 8.3. Perspectives for Agricultural Water Management -- 9. POLLUTION FROM RIVER NILE -- 9.1. Environment and Health -- 9.2. Status and Evolution of Drainage Systems -- 10. THE CHALLENGE OF OVERCOMING THE COUNTRY'S DIVERSITY -- 10.1. Water Scarcity Impacts and Potential Conflicts -- 11. PROSPECTS FOR WATER RESOURCE PLANNING IN NILE BASIN -- 11.1. Common Language and Culture -- 11.2. Factors Promoting Data and Information Exchange -- 11.3. Sufficient Levels of Economic Development -- 11.4. Increasing Water Resources Stress -- 12. DISCUSSIONS -- 12.1. Water Stress in Sudan -- 12.2. The Role of Agriculture in Water Stress -- 12.3. Water Supply Problems in the Butana Region - Central Sudan with Special Emphasis on Jebel Qeili Area -- 12.4. Southern Sudan -- 12.5. Beja People's Problems -- 12.6. Western Sudan -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX 1. MAJOR RIVERS, AND HYDROELECTRICITY SITES -- ADAPTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. CLIMATE CHANGE AS EMERGING PRESSURE ON WATER SUPPLY.

ABSTRACTSprings from a catchment to the north east of Bath to provide up to 80 per cent of the water supply to a population of 96 000. A review in 1984 suggested that within a few years nitrate concentrations in these sources could exceed the limit for drinking water (11.3 mg N/1). Nitrate was being leached from agricultural land and when an opportunity arose to alter the largely arable farming on part of the catchment, guidelines were devised to reduce nitrate leaching. This paper describes the guidelines and the effects of their implementation.

This is a conference paper. ; Holistic water resource management needs the integration of community participatory water supply development and catchment management activities for sustainable livelihood improvement and ecological conservation. Proper management of water supply development dam projects contribute a lot for social development, economic growth, environmental conservation and climate change adaptation. But inadequate quantity and quality of water due to poor management of the catchment area limits development resulting in poor water supply, sanitation, hygiene, food insecurity and reduce energy production. Sustainable use of water depends on the functionality of the whole ecosystem. The need for holistic water resources management is well understood by the government and the people of Ethiopia and effort are made to conserve the natural resources. The objective of is paper is to integrated catchment management for the development of water supply dam projects, improve livelihood of the community and reduce sedimentation in reservoirs.

This is a conference paper. The title of this paper in the Contents for this conference is "Rural water supply and sanitation and new perspectives". ; The majority of the Chinese population lives in rural areas; based on statistics from the end of 1999 they account for 9.54 hundred million people, or 75.7% of the whole population of China. This means that the improvement of the water supply and sanitation in rural areas is an issue of fundamental importance. Improvements in water supply and sanitation in rural areas are targets for the government programmes 'Health For All by the year 2000' and the 'National Programme of Action for Child's Development in 1990s (NPA)'. They are also an important part of government disease control initiatives undertaken to prevent the spread of infectious intestinal diseases.

This is a conference paper. ; Rural communities in the Republic of Zambia have been suffering from droughts which had caused severe damages to crops as wells as sources of drinking water for the rural population several times. As support for drought preparedness of these communities, the Department of Water Affairs (DWA), Ministry of Energy and Water Development in Zambia has implemented rural water supply projects with the assistance of external donor agencies. Data and information presented here were collected during the participation of the writers in the Project for the Rural Water Supply and the Southern Province Water Supply Project. Roles and responsibilities of actors over rural water supply have changed in the process of implementation of these interventions by DWA with correlation with economic, political, and social conditions in the country. Among such changes, adoption of the National Water Policy in 1994 can be considered as a landmark in the water and sanitation sector to lead a shift in paradigm in terms of management of rural water supply. Examining two rural water supply projects as cases, this paper mainly deals with issues of transition and growth of the community-based operation and maintenance system before and after adoption of the National Water Policy and the WASHE (Water, Sanitation and Health Education) concept in Zambia. This comparative study focuses on the roles of the village water committees, which have gradually evolved from the groups for maintenance of water supply facilities to those for policy/decision making in improvement of their living conditions. Secondly, changes in support system by the local administrations and approaches of interventions by the external agencies are examined.

Intro -- WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS: DEMAND, DISTRIBUTION AND POLLUTION -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AND CHALLENGES IN MEETING INCREASING WATER DEMAND -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHEMICALS USED FOR WATER TREATMENT -- 3. CHALLENGES FOR GLOBAL WATER MANAGEMENT -- 4. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- 5. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SOURCES -- 6. DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: CANADIAN BOTTLED WATER EXPORT POTENTIAL TO THE UNITED STATES AND THE GULF COUNTRIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- GLOBAL BOTTLED WATER DEMAND -- ASIAN BOTTLED WATER MARKET -- CANADIAN BOTTLED WATER MARKET -- WATER BOTTLING PLANT AT GISBORNE LAKE -- WATER WITHDRAWAL -- WATER TREATMENT PROCESS -- WATER BOTTLING SYSTEM -- BOTTLED WATER EXPORT -- SHIPPING AND TRANSPORT COST -- TRANSPORTATION COST BY A MODIFIED VLCC VESSEL -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS IN RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN NEWFOUNDLAND: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND LABORATORY ANALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY -- EXPERIMENTAL DATA -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS IN RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN NEWFOUNDLAND: PREDICTIVE MODELING -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MODELING METHODOLOGY -- MODELING OF THMS -- MODELING OF HANS -- MODELING OF HKS -- MODELING FOR TAP WATER THMS -- FITTING OF VARIOUS MODELS -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: WASTEWATER DISCHARGE AND ITS MANAGEMENT FOR REUSE IN A PERIURBAN AREA OF BANGLADESH -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHODOLOGY -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 4. USE OF WASTEWATER FOR NUTRIENT SUPPLY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

This paper provides an overview of five major shifts in urban water supply governance in relation to changing paradigms in the water sector as a whole and in water-related research: i) the municipal hydraulic paradigm in the Global North; ii) its travel to cities in the Global South; iii) the shift from government to governance; iv) the (private) utility model and v) its contestation. The articulation of each shift in the Ghanaian context is described from the creation of the first water supply system during colonial time to the recent contestation against private corporate sector participation. Current challenges are outlined together with new pathways for researching urban water governance. The paper is based on a literature review conducted in 2015 and serves as a background study for further research within the WaterPower project.