Search results

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines kognitiven Agenten an Bord eines automatisierten UAV mit dem Ziel einen einzelnen menschlichen Operateur bei der UAV-Führung zu unterstützen und den Fähigkeitsumfang des technischen Systems zu steigern. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Interaktionsverhalten des Agenten abgeleitet, welches sich insbesondere durch Rückführung symbolischer Informationen an den Operateur ausprägt. Das Interaktionsverhalten wird hinsichtlich seines Einflusses auf die Wahrnehmung des Agenten durch den Operateur und die Delegation von Aufgaben durch diesen an den Agenten evaluiert. Als Grundlage dieser Dissertation werden zunächst die Grenzen heutiger (konventioneller) Automationsansätze beschrieben und anhand des Ansatzes intelligenter KI-Agenten sowie des Konzepts der kognitiven Automation Perspektiven aufgezeigt, wie diese Grenzen überwunden werden können. In diesem Rahmen werden verschiedene kognitive Systemarchitekturen und ihre Anwendung im Bereich der UAV-Automatisierung vorgestellt sowie architekturbedingte Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Interaktion mit dem menschlichen Operateur diskutiert. Die zentralen Aspekte dieser Arbeit lauten: 1. Die systematische Entwicklung eines Konzepts zur Beschreibung und Auslegung der Rollen eines kognitiven Agenten als Leiter eines automatisierten UAV-Systems, der durch den menschlichen Operateur geführt wird. Diese Form der Interaktion zwischen Mensch und Agent wird als Agent Supervisory Control bezeichnet. Hierbei wird ein bestehender Ansatz der auftragsbasierten UAV-Führung um eine auftrags- und situationsabhängige Rückführung symbolischer Informationen an den Operateur erweitert, die auf dem Fähigkeitsbewusstsein des Agenten beruht. Neben der Delegation von Aufträgen sieht das Konzept auch den manuellen Durchgriff des Operateurs auf nachgeordnete Automationsfunktionen vor, der als Ergänzung oder Ersatz UAV-eigener Fähigkeiten verarbeitet wird. 2. Die Implementierung eines prototypischen Agentensystems über eine hierarchisch gegliederte kognitive Agentenarchitektur, welche das vorgestellte Verhaltens- und Interaktionskonzept umsetzt und plattformunabhängig in bestehende UAV-Systeme integriert werden kann. Die dargestellte Wissensmodellierung in Form modularer Wissenskomponenten ermöglicht dem Agenten die zielgerichtete Verarbeitung seiner Umwelt und die Berücksichtigung dynamisch verfügbarer UAV-Automation. 3. Der Aufbau, die Durchführung und die Evaluierung eines Mensch-Maschine Experiments mit 14 Versuchsteilnehmern, die in einer simulierten, militärischen Aufklärungsmission als UAV-Operateure fungieren. Hierbei wird nachgewiesen, dass die gezielte Rückführung von Agenteninformationen den Operateur bei der UAV-Führung unterstützt und die Akzeptanz und das Vertrauen des Operateurs in den Agenten positiv beeinflusst. 4. Die Demonstration des technischen Reifegrades sowie der Plattformunabhängigkeit der Implementierung im Flugversuch durch die Integration des Agentensystems auf zwei unterschiedlichen UAV-Plattformen, die über eine einheitliche Bodenkontrollstation durch den Operateur geführt werden. Der Agent setzt dabei Aufträge jeweils plattformspezifisch um, indem symbolische Handlungspläne entsprechend der UAV-Fähigkeiten abgeleitet und die parametrische Umsetzung von Handlungen individuell angepasst werden.

The issue of an agent in criminal proceeding has been the topic of scientific discussion for several years in European countries as well as in the Slovak Republic. In particular, the topic of agent provocateur is constantly interesting and controversial in a view of its problematic practical implementation in relation to the national legal regulation of that institution, existing jurisprudence, including the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. This issue is worthy another discussion because there are many opinions that it intervenes into the fundamental rights of individuals and many lawyers point out that is not in compliance with the basic principles of the democratic state respecting rule of law. Theoretical aspects of the topic have caused its complicated way of application in the relation to respect towards the basic principles of the democratic state respecting rule of law By analyzing and comparing the domestic regulation, case law of domestic courts and the European Court of Human Rights the authors have ambition to suggest different views on problematic aspects of this institution, especially its form as agent provocateur. Special attention is dedicated to the question whether a lawyer, concretely advocate can act as an agent. The nature and purpose of all these institutions, including the question of legal entrapment, raising polemics dividing the society. The article does not aim to offer one satisfactory solution. The reason is, as the reader will have a chance maybe to come to the same idea, there are many different state approaches worldwide and especially in the States of the Council of Europe, which affected different ways of understanding of the Agent Provocateur, its role and purpose in the democratic state with rule of law. The authors´ intention is to seek arguments acceptable for both parties to the dispute.

The issue of an agent in criminal proceeding has been the topic of scientific discussion for several years in European countries as well as in the Slovak Republic. In particular, the topic of agent provocateur is constantly interesting and controversial in a view of its problematic practical implementation in relation to the national legal regulation of that institution, existing jurisprudence, including the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. This issue is worthy another discussion because there are many opinions that it intervenes into the fundamental rights of individuals and many lawyers point out that is not in compliance with the basic principles of the democratic state respecting rule of law. Theoretical aspects of the topic have caused its complicated way of application in the relation to respect towards the basic principles of the democratic state respecting rule of law By analyzing and comparing the domestic regulation, case law of domestic courts and the European Court of Human Rights the authors have ambition to suggest different views on problematic aspects of this institution, especially its form as agent provocateur. Special attention is dedicated to the question whether a lawyer, concretely advocate can act as an agent. The nature and purpose of all these institutions, including the question of legal entrapment, raising polemics dividing the society. The article does not aim to offer one satisfactory solution. The reason is, as the reader will have a chance maybe to come to the same idea, there are many different state approaches worldwide and especially in the States of the Council of Europe, which affected different ways of understanding of the Agent Provocateur, its role and purpose in the democratic state with rule of law. The authors´ intention is to seek arguments acceptable for both parties to the dispute.

In this article, the practice of photomontage is presented as a revolutionary agent capable of reconfiguring real events and creating new narratives based on political interests. To this end, two different approaches to the role of photomontage are presented, both carried out in a context where the political scenario was undergoing deep restructuring.In the first case, described through an analysis of a set of works by John Heartfield, the photomontage is characterised by a discourse of opposition to a rising fascist political regime in Germany, revealing this practice as a potential medium to propose a rereading of real events and to appeal to the critical sense of the public. In this context we can say that photomontage acts as an (anti)political weapon.In the second case, described through the analysis of a set of works by authors such as Klutsis or El Lissitzky, photomontage is characterised by a discourse in accordance with a new political era taking place in the Soviet Union in the sequence of the October Revolution. ; En este artículo, la práctica del fotomontaje se presenta como un agente revolucionario capaz de reconfigurar eventos reales y crear nuevas narrativas basadas en intereses políticos. Para ello, se presentan dos enfoques diferentes sobre el papel del fotomontaje, ambos llevados a cabo en un contexto en el que el escenario político estaba experimentando una profunda reestructuración.En el primer caso, descrito a través de un análisis de un conjunto de obras de John Heartfield, el fotomontaje se caracteriza por un discurso de oposición a un régimen político fascista en ascenso en Alemania, revelando esta práctica como un medio potencial para proponer una relectura de eventos reales y apelar al sentido crítico del público. En este contexto, podemos decir que el fotomontaje actúa como un arma (anti) política.En el segundo caso, descrito a través del análisis de un conjunto de obras de autores como Klutsis o El Lissitzky, el fotomontaje se caracteriza por un discurso de acuerdo con una nueva era política que tuvo lugar en la Unión Soviética tras la Revolución de Octubre.

AbstractIn this paper I argue that many scholars involved in the contemporary free will debates have underappreciated the philosophical appeal of agent causation because the resources of contemporary emergentism have not been adequately introduced into the discussion. Whereas I agree that agent causation's main problem has to do with its intelligibility, particularly with respect to the issue of how substances can be causally relevant, I argue that the notion of substance causation can be clearly articulated from an emergentist framework. According to my proposal, a free agent isa causally powerful substance that emerges in an anomic way from her constitutive mental events, downwardly constraining, selecting and, in this way, having control on them. As we shall see, this particular concept of agent causation not only makes sense of the deep insight behind agent libertarianism, but it also provides us with the resources to solve some of the main objections that have been raised against it. It is true that here I cannot develop a complete defense of the evidential credentials of emergentism. Still, even if the considerations that follow do not serve to convince detractors of agent causal libertarian accounts of free will, they do suggest that libertarian agent causation is more promising than is typically acknowledged.

Scholars contend that street-level workers are guided by self-interest & that they use their own discretion to make their jobs safer & easier. Street-level workers, by contrast, define themselves as citizen agents who base their decisions solely on what they perceive to be the best interests of the individuals they serve. Their actions are not based on democratic principles, their own accountability to their superiors, or their respect for rules. Further, street-level workers contend that they often make their work harder & more dangerous to more effectively respond to their client's individual needs. Street-level workers feel that they are acting more responsibly when they make moral judgments, even when those judgments disregard legitimate authority or go against established rules. Street-level worker opinions were obtained from fieldwork conducted in two states & five different agencies. 41 References. Adapted from the source document.

ATF agents have to be ready for anything-fires, guns, and even explosions. In this book, readers will explore the different ways agents working for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives help protect the citizens of the United States. Readers will learn about the history, mission, and special agents of the ATF, as well as the different kinds of jobs they do on a daily basis. Information-rich text and color photographs bring this job to life, as readers learn about the different skills they'd need to land a career as an ATF agent. A graphic organizer and multiple sidebars will deepen the reader's understanding of this intense career in law enforcement

In this article I attempt to reshape the agent-structure debate in International Relations which has become increasingly confused and fruitless. I do so by first rejecting two things — (1) the agent-structure dichotomy, presupposed in the debate, in favour of the age-old classification of causative factors into mechanistic, volitional and coincidental ones; and (2) the explanation-understanding dichotomy, prevalent in the debate, in favour of the idea of `narrative intelligibilifying'. I also draw attention to narrative as a factor constitutive of agents and structures, and offer a modified version of structurationism, while rejecting a version of scientific realism sometimes associated with it. As to how one form of social structure moves towards another, I suggest that, at its most ambitious, this is a world-historical question, and that how the three causative factors are combined in addressing this question is as fascinating as it is vital for our self-understanding as human beings.