Suchergebnisse

AbstractFrom 1960 until 1965, the People's Republic of China (PRC) built a remarkably cordial quasi alliance with the Republic of Indonesia. At the same time, however, the years between 1960 and 1965 were marked by two large waves of anti-Chinese movements in Indonesia. Although more than half a century has passed since these events, our understanding of Chinese foreign policy towards Indonesia during these turbulent years remains incomplete. In 2008, the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives declassified for the first time documents produced during the years between 1961 and 1965. However, very recently in summer 2013, the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives re-classified the main body of its collection. Through examining this body of fresh but currently inaccessible official records, this article aims to bridge the gap between scholarly works on the PRC's diplomatic history and overseas Chinese history. By tracing the processes by which Chinese diplomats dealt with Sukarno, the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, and the Communist Party of Indonesia (Partai Komunis Indonesia, or the PKI), this article argues that the ambivalent Chinese alliance with Indonesia was shaped by three disparate pressures which interacted and competed with one another: the strategic need to befriend Third World countries, ethnic ties to the Chinese in Indonesia and ideological commitment to the international communist movement.

From 1960 until 1965, the People's Republic of China (PRC) built a remarkably cordial quasi alliance with the Republic of Indonesia. At the same time, however, the years between 1960 and 1965 were marked by two large waves of anti-Chinese movements in Indonesia. Although more than half a century has passed since these events, our understanding of Chinese foreign policy towards Indonesia during these turbulent years remains incomplete. In 2008, the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives declassified for the first time documents produced during the years between 1961 and 1965. However, very recently in summer 2013, the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives re-classified the main body of its collection. Through examining this body of fresh but currently inaccessible official records, this article aims to bridge the gap between scholarly works on the PRC's diplomatic history and overseas Chinese history. By tracing the processes by which Chinese diplomats dealt with Sukarno, the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, and the Communist Party of Indonesia (Partai Komunis Indonesia, or the PKI), this article argues that the ambivalent Chinese alliance with Indonesia was shaped by three disparate pressures which interacted and competed with one another: the strategic need to befriend Third World countries, ethnic ties to the Chinese in Indonesia and ideological commitment to the international communist movement. (China Q/GIGA)

The purpose of this study is to show an alternative model to the clash approaches developed by Huntington and called "Clash of Civilizations". But the main focus of this paper is on "Alliance of Civilizations" that is one of the major attempts of our day to bring different cultures and civilizations together and its effects toward Turkish Foreign Policy. The paper also investigates the future of Turkish Foreign Policy in terms of axis shift discussions. The study's conclusion is that Turkey uses Alliance of Civilizations project to affect his surrounding countries as a soft power tool and this initiative increases the strength and legitimacy of Turkey both in world politics and in the domestic realm.

It is critical that research findings be translated into policy if the research is to be beneficial. Researchers can play a role in bridging the research-policy gap by participating in the drafting of legislation and regulations, by testifying before lawmakers, and by building collaborations with key entities, including non-profit and governmental bodies outside of the health arena. Advocacy is inherent in the responsibilities of a researcher. A distinction must be made between researchers who serve as educators and advocates of change based on our current state of knowledge, and "scientific advocates" who rely on science only when it supports their political position. It is critical that researchers identify appropriate collaborators to bridge the research-policy gap and that the communities be involved in this process.

Describes the increasing use of strategic alliances in the international market by US domestic airlines. Gives specific examples. Delineates the policy issues and alternatives available to the US Department of Transportation. Expects that international strategies will be increasingly utilized by carriers in the future, as the international market will continue to be the fastest‐growing segment.