Suchergebnisse

National audience ; This article deals as the not present industrial integration of SMEs in the R&D projects of a cluster even when they are at the stake in the economic development policy of the Region. We mobilize the notion of knowledge fungeability to enlighten this situation and we show that collective learning can be achieved on the basis of a territorial governance of innovation enhancing this integration. ; Cet article traite de l'intégration industrielle de PME se situant en marge des projets de R&D d'un pôle alors même qu'elles représentent un enjeu de développement économique pour le territoire. Nous mobilisons la notion de non-complémentarité des connaissances pour éclairer cette situation et établir un diagnostic sur un plan technologique. Nous montrons qu'une issue favorable pour sortir de cette difficulté ne peut être envisagée qu'à l'échelle d'une gouvernance territoriale unissant l'ensemble des acteurs territoriaux de l'innovation.

National audience ; This article deals as the not present industrial integration of SMEs in the R&D projects of a cluster even when they are at the stake in the economic development policy of the Region. We mobilize the notion of knowledge fungeability to enlighten this situation and we show that collective learning can be achieved on the basis of a territorial governance of innovation enhancing this integration. ; Cet article traite de l'intégration industrielle de PME se situant en marge des projets de R&D d'un pôle alors même qu'elles représentent un enjeu de développement économique pour le territoire. Nous mobilisons la notion de non-complémentarité des connaissances pour éclairer cette situation et établir un diagnostic sur un plan technologique. Nous montrons qu'une issue favorable pour sortir de cette difficulté ne peut être envisagée qu'à l'échelle d'une gouvernance territoriale unissant l'ensemble des acteurs territoriaux de l'innovation.

Three of the largest social unrests of the last two decades in France - the 2005 suburban riots, the 2013 Bonnets Rouges and the 2019 Gilets Jaunes movements- were directly associated with claims for spatial justice. It is actually no surprise that equity claims could take a spatial form and involve transportation. Cities are highly unequal structures, being the site of a spatial competition for access to the benefits of density. Transportation infrastructures, and especially public transit, plays a major role in organizing spatial inequalities, since they provide distant land with access to urban agglomeration economies. Without access to transportation, one could not enjoy a full citizenship. Two types of equity issues may be at stake in the spatial economy. Vertical equity, that regards equal treatment between households with different resources, is particularly salient within cities, since the housing market sorts incomes by distance to amenities and agglomeration economies. Horizontal equity, that regards equal treatment between households with similar resources and income, is of particular concern between cities, since the availability of transportation infrastructure, and especially public transport, conditions access to urban benefits for many urbanites. In a context of reinforced urban segregation, acceleration of the concentration of activity and jobs in large metropolis, and rise of transportation costs that could result of the generalization of the carbon tax, such vertical and horizontal equity claims may become more salient in the next decades. This thesis examines three aspects of spatial equity, through the particular scope of transportation infrastructure. The first two chapters assess whether public transit investment should be directed to mitigate vertical equity claims within cities or horizontal equity claims between cities. The third chapter applies the reflections of the first two chapters to the specific case of the fuel carbon tax acceptability and wonders whether urban policies could ...

Three of the largest social unrests of the last two decades in France - the 2005 suburban riots, the 2013 Bonnets Rouges and the 2019 Gilets Jaunes movements- were directly associated with claims for spatial justice. It is actually no surprise that equity claims could take a spatial form and involve transportation. Cities are highly unequal structures, being the site of a spatial competition for access to the benefits of density. Transportation infrastructures, and especially public transit, plays a major role in organizing spatial inequalities, since they provide distant land with access to urban agglomeration economies. Without access to transportation, one could not enjoy a full citizenship. Two types of equity issues may be at stake in the spatial economy. Vertical equity, that regards equal treatment between households with different resources, is particularly salient within cities, since the housing market sorts incomes by distance to amenities and agglomeration economies. Horizontal equity, that regards equal treatment between households with similar resources and income, is of particular concern between cities, since the availability of transportation infrastructure, and especially public transport, conditions access to urban benefits for many urbanites. In a context of reinforced urban segregation, acceleration of the concentration of activity and jobs in large metropolis, and rise of transportation costs that could result of the generalization of the carbon tax, such vertical and horizontal equity claims may become more salient in the next decades. This thesis examines three aspects of spatial equity, through the particular scope of transportation infrastructure. The first two chapters assess whether public transit investment should be directed to mitigate vertical equity claims within cities or horizontal equity claims between cities. The third chapter applies the reflections of the first two chapters to the specific case of the fuel carbon tax acceptability and wonders whether urban policies could ...

Three of the largest social unrests of the last two decades in France - the 2005 suburban riots, the 2013 Bonnets Rouges and the 2019 Gilets Jaunes movements- were directly associated with claims for spatial justice. It is actually no surprise that equity claims could take a spatial form and involve transportation. Cities are highly unequal structures, being the site of a spatial competition for access to the benefits of density. Transportation infrastructures, and especially public transit, plays a major role in organizing spatial inequalities, since they provide distant land with access to urban agglomeration economies. Without access to transportation, one could not enjoy a full citizenship. Two types of equity issues may be at stake in the spatial economy. Vertical equity, that regards equal treatment between households with different resources, is particularly salient within cities, since the housing market sorts incomes by distance to amenities and agglomeration economies. Horizontal equity, that regards equal treatment between households with similar resources and income, is of particular concern between cities, since the availability of transportation infrastructure, and especially public transport, conditions access to urban benefits for many urbanites. In a context of reinforced urban segregation, acceleration of the concentration of activity and jobs in large metropolis, and rise of transportation costs that could result of the generalization of the carbon tax, such vertical and horizontal equity claims may become more salient in the next decades. This thesis examines three aspects of spatial equity, through the particular scope of transportation infrastructure. The first two chapters assess whether public transit investment should be directed to mitigate vertical equity claims within cities or horizontal equity claims between cities. The third chapter applies the reflections of the first two chapters to the specific case of the fuel carbon tax acceptability and wonders whether urban policies could ...

Three of the largest social unrests of the last two decades in France - the 2005 suburban riots, the 2013 Bonnets Rouges and the 2019 Gilets Jaunes movements- were directly associated with claims for spatial justice. It is actually no surprise that equity claims could take a spatial form and involve transportation. Cities are highly unequal structures, being the site of a spatial competition for access to the benefits of density. Transportation infrastructures, and especially public transit, plays a major role in organizing spatial inequalities, since they provide distant land with access to urban agglomeration economies. Without access to transportation, one could not enjoy a full citizenship. Two types of equity issues may be at stake in the spatial economy. Vertical equity, that regards equal treatment between households with different resources, is particularly salient within cities, since the housing market sorts incomes by distance to amenities and agglomeration economies. Horizontal equity, that regards equal treatment between households with similar resources and income, is of particular concern between cities, since the availability of transportation infrastructure, and especially public transport, conditions access to urban benefits for many urbanites. In a context of reinforced urban segregation, acceleration of the concentration of activity and jobs in large metropolis, and rise of transportation costs that could result of the generalization of the carbon tax, such vertical and horizontal equity claims may become more salient in the next decades. This thesis examines three aspects of spatial equity, through the particular scope of transportation infrastructure. The first two chapters assess whether public transit investment should be directed to mitigate vertical equity claims within cities or horizontal equity claims between cities. The third chapter applies the reflections of the first two chapters to the specific case of the fuel carbon tax acceptability and wonders whether urban policies could ...

Three of the largest social unrests of the last two decades in France - the 2005 suburban riots, the 2013 Bonnets Rouges and the 2019 Gilets Jaunes movements- were directly associated with claims for spatial justice. It is actually no surprise that equity claims could take a spatial form and involve transportation. Cities are highly unequal structures, being the site of a spatial competition for access to the benefits of density. Transportation infrastructures, and especially public transit, plays a major role in organizing spatial inequalities, since they provide distant land with access to urban agglomeration economies. Without access to transportation, one could not enjoy a full citizenship. Two types of equity issues may be at stake in the spatial economy. Vertical equity, that regards equal treatment between households with different resources, is particularly salient within cities, since the housing market sorts incomes by distance to amenities and agglomeration economies. Horizontal equity, that regards equal treatment between households with similar resources and income, is of particular concern between cities, since the availability of transportation infrastructure, and especially public transport, conditions access to urban benefits for many urbanites. In a context of reinforced urban segregation, acceleration of the concentration of activity and jobs in large metropolis, and rise of transportation costs that could result of the generalization of the carbon tax, such vertical and horizontal equity claims may become more salient in the next decades. This thesis examines three aspects of spatial equity, through the particular scope of transportation infrastructure. The first two chapters assess whether public transit investment should be directed to mitigate vertical equity claims within cities or horizontal equity claims between cities. The third chapter applies the reflections of the first two chapters to the specific case of the fuel carbon tax acceptability and wonders whether urban policies could ...

In this article, we study the impact of a French enterprise zone program—the 'Zones Franches Urbaines' (ZFUs) policy—on establishment location decisions and on labor market outcomes. Our main identification strategy, which combines spatial and time differencing, shows that conditional on locating in a municipality that hosts a ZFU, the policy has a positive and sizable impact on the probability to locate in the ZFU part rather than in the non-ZFU part of municipalities. However, the impact is highly heterogeneous across zones, industries and firms. We also show that this positive effect is entirely due to within-municipality diversion effects. Regarding labor market outcomes, the policy has a positive effect on employment, especially for low-wage workers. As for wages, the effect is null for low-wage workers, and negative for high-wage ones.

In this article, we study the impact of a French enterprise zone program—the 'Zones Franches Urbaines' (ZFUs) policy—on establishment location decisions and on labor market outcomes. Our main identification strategy, which combines spatial and time differencing, shows that conditional on locating in a municipality that hosts a ZFU, the policy has a positive and sizable impact on the probability to locate in the ZFU part rather than in the non-ZFU part of municipalities. However, the impact is highly heterogeneous across zones, industries and firms. We also show that this positive effect is entirely due to within-municipality diversion effects. Regarding labor market outcomes, the policy has a positive effect on employment, especially for low-wage workers. As for wages, the effect is null for low-wage workers, and negative for high-wage ones.

In this article, we study the impact of a French enterprise zone program—the 'Zones Franches Urbaines' (ZFUs) policy—on establishment location decisions and on labor market outcomes. Our main identification strategy, which combines spatial and time differencing, shows that conditional on locating in a municipality that hosts a ZFU, the policy has a positive and sizable impact on the probability to locate in the ZFU part rather than in the non-ZFU part of municipalities. However, the impact is highly heterogeneous across zones, industries and firms. We also show that this positive effect is entirely due to within-municipality diversion effects. Regarding labor market outcomes, the policy has a positive effect on employment, especially for low-wage workers. As for wages, the effect is null for low-wage workers, and negative for high-wage ones.

In this article, we study the impact of a French enterprise zone program—the 'Zones Franches Urbaines' (ZFUs) policy—on establishment location decisions and on labor market outcomes. Our main identification strategy, which combines spatial and time differencing, shows that conditional on locating in a municipality that hosts a ZFU, the policy has a positive and sizable impact on the probability to locate in the ZFU part rather than in the non-ZFU part of municipalities. However, the impact is highly heterogeneous across zones, industries and firms. We also show that this positive effect is entirely due to within-municipality diversion effects. Regarding labor market outcomes, the policy has a positive effect on employment, especially for low-wage workers. As for wages, the effect is null for low-wage workers, and negative for high-wage ones.

In this article, we study the impact of a French enterprise zone program—the 'Zones Franches Urbaines' (ZFUs) policy—on establishment location decisions and on labor market outcomes. Our main identification strategy, which combines spatial and time differencing, shows that conditional on locating in a municipality that hosts a ZFU, the policy has a positive and sizable impact on the probability to locate in the ZFU part rather than in the non-ZFU part of municipalities. However, the impact is highly heterogeneous across zones, industries and firms. We also show that this positive effect is entirely due to within-municipality diversion effects. Regarding labor market outcomes, the policy has a positive effect on employment, especially for low-wage workers. As for wages, the effect is null for low-wage workers, and negative for high-wage ones.

Despite the growing body of literature evaluating cluster policies, it still remains difficult to establish conclusively their structural effects on regional innovation networks. Focusing on the French cluster policy during the period 2005-2010, this study aims at evaluating how cluster policies influence the structure of local innovation networks following network topologies that may be beneficial for regional innovation. Based on a panel data of four periods and 94 NUTS3 French regions, we estimate spatial Durbin models, allowing us to identify direct, indirect and total effects of cluster policies. The results suggest that cluster policies can result in both positive and negative total effects on the structure of local innovation networks depending on regions' technological specialisation. Beyond the heterogeneous effects, the results also highlight that cluster policies may lead to a regional competition for the strengthening of innovation networks. This finding echoed previous research pointing out the possible 'beggar-thy-neighbour' effects of cluster policies.

Despite the growing body of literature evaluating cluster policies, it still remains difficult to establish conclusively their structural effects on regional innovation networks. Focusing on the French cluster policy during the period 2005-2010, this study aims at evaluating how cluster policies influence the structure of local innovation networks following network topologies that may be beneficial for regional innovation. Based on a panel data of four periods and 94 NUTS3 French regions, we estimate spatial Durbin models, allowing us to identify direct, indirect and total effects of cluster policies. The results suggest that cluster policies can result in both positive and negative total effects on the structure of local innovation networks depending on regions' technological specialisation. Beyond the heterogeneous effects, the results also highlight that cluster policies may lead to a regional competition for the strengthening of innovation networks. This finding echoed previous research pointing out the possible 'beggar-thy-neighbour' effects of cluster policies.

Despite the growing body of literature evaluating cluster policies, it still remains difficult to establish conclusively their structural effects on regional innovation networks. Focusing on the French cluster policy during the period 2005-2010, this study aims at evaluating how cluster policies influence the structure of local innovation networks following network topologies that may be beneficial for regional innovation. Based on a panel data of four periods and 94 NUTS3 French regions, we estimate spatial Durbin models, allowing us to identify direct, indirect and total effects of cluster policies. The results suggest that cluster policies can result in both positive and negative total effects on the structure of local innovation networks depending on regions' technological specialisation. Beyond the heterogeneous effects, the results also highlight that cluster policies may lead to a regional competition for the strengthening of innovation networks. This finding echoed previous research pointing out the possible 'beggar-thy-neighbour' effects of cluster policies.