Suchergebnisse

It is common knowledge that the process of defining and protecting certain religious elements as invaluable heritage assets, is&mdash ; more often than not&mdash ; a complex one. In fact, it is exactly this, rather intricate, process that lends religious cultural heritage its powerful legal dimension, since the decision as to what and how is deemed worthy of protection and preservation is primarily made by Law. In this light, the present article will briefly examine the legal foundations for the protection of religious cultural heritage at the international level, in accordance with the principle of freedom of religion and the right to culture. Apart from the examination of various pertinent provisions, norms and regulations relating to the protection of religious heritage, crucial cultural themes will be also presented, utilizing a broader interdisciplinary approach of the subject matter. Within this framework, the model of res mixtae is introduced, in view of providing a better understanding of the numerous aspects of religious cultural heritage.

Traces the cultural foundations of modern ethnonationalism to religion, a force that modern Western rationalists have generally ignored & that ethnonationalists have turned to in repudiation of Western rationality. Religion is defined broadly in terms of its ability to give people an identity & sense of belonging. Current ultrafundamental ethnoreligions are taken to be possible only in the context of the modernity & modernism that they repudiate. The demise of the Cold War, which contained a certain rationality, has opened the way for ethnonationalist leaders to vie for control of state institutions in a variety of contexts. It is concluded that, in the short term future, one may expect ethnonationalism, reinforced by religion, to continue to cause tension & upheaval, despite the best efforts of the very Western rationalists these nationalisms refute. D. M. Smith

AbstractIn recent years, measures have been taken to ban the use of international legal principles in state courts. While these international laws vary in terms of the specific restrictions they place on state legal practices, many of these laws have been aimed implicitly or explicitly at banning Sharia law practices. While dozens of states have attempted to pass anti-Sharia policies, thus far, only eight have been successful. In this article, we apply a policy diffusion framework to help explain the agenda placement and adoption of these measures. We find that both internal state determinants and external regional diffusion factors influence the interstate agenda placement and adoption of anti-Sharia practices. However, the regional effect is negative, meaning that these policies follow an atypical diffusion pattern. This study adds to the growing body of literature that examines the diffusion of controversial morality policies.

This analysis looks at how foundations and community organizations jointly formulated antipoverty agendas within the context of a collaboration forged in Chicago between these two groups in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles riots. The study reveals that as foundations exhibited preferences for supporting antipoverty work that they saw as politically safe and uncontroversial, community organizations enticed foundations to expand the range of funding agendas that suited these preferences. This finding is of timely significance given that during the past 2 decades, policy-making responsibility has shifted from the public to the philanthropic sectors.

This paper explains how and why sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is different in an emerging economy by investigating sustainability initiatives in the United Arab Emirates. This exploratory qualitative study uses activity theory (AT) as a framework of analyses to investigate the sustainable supply chain practices in the context of emerging economies. AT&rsquo ; s hierarchical breakdown structure allows complex and dynamic activities to be broken down across multiple levels providing a simplified explanation of the triple bottom line initiatives across 16 participant organizations. Our findings corroborate with some of the sustainability initiatives in developed countries, such as the contribution of suppliers and the importance of employee engagement to the sustainable efforts of the focal firm ; however, there were significant differences too. Customer and investor pressure was the top driver toward sustainability in developed economies, but our research identifies government pressure as the principal motive for sustainability. Similarly, we observe a narrow perspective on sustainability from the studied organizations as sustainability measures were seen as &ldquo ; costly&rdquo ; . We attribute this to a lack of accounting for the costs associated with being &ldquo ; unsustainable&rdquo ; . We contribute to the literature by developing four propositions that identify the key contributors to successful sustainability outcomes in the context of emerging economies: (a) the dynamic influence of governments on the adoption and implementation of SSCM ; (b) accounting for the costs associated with the &ldquo ; unsustainable&rdquo ; measures, which enables a strategic perspective on sustainability ; (c) the inclusion of sustainability as an &ldquo ; order qualifier&rdquo ; for the suppliers ; and (d) the employees&rsquo ; transition from compliance to taking ownership of sustainability initiatives.

This paper explains how and why sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is different in an emerging economy by investigating sustainability initiatives in the United Arab Emirates. This exploratory qualitative study uses activity theory (AT) as a framework of analyses to investigate the sustainable supply chain practices in the context of emerging economies. AT's hierarchical breakdown structure allows complex and dynamic activities to be broken down across multiple levels providing a simplified explanation of the triple bottom line initiatives across 16 participant organizations. Our findings corroborate with some of the sustainability initiatives in developed countries, such as the contribution of suppliers and the importance of employee engagement to the sustainable efforts of the focal firm; however, there were significant differences too. Customer and investor pressure was the top driver toward sustainability in developed economies, but our research identifies government pressure as the principal motive for sustainability. Similarly, we observe a narrow perspective on sustainability from the studied organizations as sustainability measures were seen as "costly". We attribute this to a lack of accounting for the costs associated with being "unsustainable". We contribute to the literature by developing four propositions that identify the key contributors to successful sustainability outcomes in the context of emerging economies: (a) the dynamic influence of governments on the adoption and implementation of SSCM; (b) accounting for the costs associated with the "unsustainable" measures, which enables a strategic perspective on sustainability; (c) the inclusion of sustainability as an "order qualifier" for the suppliers; and (d) the employees' transition from compliance to taking ownership of sustainability initiatives.