Suchergebnisse

Pencurian adalah mengambil barang orang lain dengan maksud memiliki dengan cara melawan hukum. Mencuri artinya mengambil barang orang lain dengan diam-diam dengan sembunyi-sembunyi tanpa diketahui pemilik barang, perbuatan pencurian itu dapat dibedakan pencurian ringan, pencurian berat dan pencurian dengan kekerasan. Pencurian ringan adalah pencurian yang dilakukan dengan mengambil barang orang lain dengan sembunyi-sembunyidan harga barang yang dicuri biasanya relatif rendah, sedangkan pencurian berat adalah pencurian yang dilakukan dengan mengambil barang orang lain dengan maksud untuk dimiliki dengan cara melawan hukum. Berbagai macam cara dilakukan agar meningkatkan kesejahteraan dirinya tanpa memikirkan orang lain, Sejalan dengan meningkatnya kesejahteraan manusia salah satu bentuk energi yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia adalah energi listrik. Maka kebutuhan energi listrik juga meningkat, sehingga melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mendapatkan energi listrik melalui proses efisensi efektif ekonomis. Hal demikian tentu harus di atasi dengan menanggulangi kejahatan terhadap berbagai sarana sebagai reaksi yang dapat diberikan kepada pelaku kejahatan, berupa sarana pidana maupun non hukum pidana, yang dapat diintegrasikan satu dengan yang lainnya. Apabila sarana pidana dipanggil untuk menanggulangi kejahatan, berarti akan dilaksanakan politik hukum pidana, yakni mengadakan pemilihan untuk mencapai hasil perundang-undangan pidana yang sesuai dengan keadaan dan situasi pada suatu waktu dan untuk masa-masa yang akan datang. Semula suatu perbuatan dianggap tidak tercela, akan tetapi akhirnya masyarakat menilai bahwa perbuatan itu adalah tercela, sehingga terhadap perbuatan itu diancamkan dengan suatu sanksi pidana. Dalam penegakan hukum, semakin banyak penyesuaian antara peraturan perundang-undangan dengan kebudayaan masyarakat, maka akan semakin mudahlah dalam menegakannya.

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the political economy of oil production in Iraq during 2006-2016. While, the challenges to increasing oil production in Iraq broadly remain, so, Iraq has made incredible progress over the last decade, mostly amid challenging situations should note that while contests to since 2014. However, there are still difficulties to overcome, which should play a significant role to solve for the new government and leadership in Iraq and the KRI following the recent 2018 elections. The study found that Iraq's oil production curve in recent years has remarkably specified the positions, even if not mainly at the levels estimated in earlier, more positive forecasts. Iraq has developed the world's fourth-largest oil exporter. Moreover, the second major producer in OPEC organization, with production above 4.1 million bpd for the first time in 2015, of the amount produced in this period, almost 3.5 million b/d produced in southern Iraq under the central government in Baghdad. While challenges continue to achieving the aims of increased oil production and revolving gas from probable to production, there is considerable opportunity for Iraq's resources to produce revenue and pay to broad-based economic development, if managed appropriately. As both Iraq and the KRI headed into an election year, impending new governments both in Iraq and at the helm of the KRG should seize this as an opportunity to target investment to specific projects that contribute to long-term economic development goals.

My dissertation is composed of three chapters. In the first, I study the incentive role of information – how the strategic release of information can induce an agent to exert more effort on a project. More specifically, I focus on how feedback can be provided to a worker who is uninformed about the progress they make on a long term project. I show that delaying feedback about their performance can induce the worker to continue working on the project longer than they would were they to learn about their performance without delay. Negative feedback, due to the absence of good news, received in the early stages of the project can cause them to quit prematurely. In the second chapter, I study a model of matching between individuals and institutions. Matching models allow researchers to identify optimal allocations of individuals to school seats, medical residency programs and other positions over which individuals have preferences and for which they may differ in suitability. While we know that in models in which individuals only care about the institution they match with, stable matchings always exist, I show that when individuals also care about the the number of matches made by the institution they join, stable matchings no longer exist in general. I show that stable matchings can only be found under a set of conditions I identify. Relaxing any of these conditions leads to examples of markets with no stable matchings. In the third chapter, I set out to understand why elected politicians choose to toe the party line instead of voting on issues according to their own preferences. I find that despite the short term benefits of voting for their preferred policies, there are long-term benefits from coordinating their voting behavior among like-minded legislators. These findings provide a rationale for why political parties form among politicians with similar policy positions.

This paper examines security in Syria through the conceptual lens of the security gap, understood as the gap between security practices and objectives which have implications for individual and collective security. Practices of security can be the state apparatus, the military, and militias. The objective – safety – can refer to the safety or security of a range of collectives including the state, political parties, and ethnic groups, while individual security refers to the general safety of inhabitants and the protection of human rights. This paper compares the security situation in so-called 'rebel-held' areas of Syria where alternative governance structures have emerged, examining the security approaches of Local Administrative Councils and Rebel Councils in Deir Azzor, Manbij, Dera, and areas dominated by the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD). It argues that security and safety are strongly influenced by authority formation and the nature of deals and relationships involved in the formation of these nascent authorities. It also argues that security in these areas is strongly influenced by the Syrian government, which disrupts collectives that threaten its own collective security while giving limited support to those which serve its agenda of retaining power. It also demonstrates the limited utility of the 'regime' vs. 'rebel-held' dichotomy, as rebel groups at times must accommodate the Syrian state in limited ways for instrumental purposes. The article is based on fieldwork conducted in Turkey in 2013–2014, interviews conducted in 2015, and secondary sources based on field research.

Low-level of job satisfaction, psychological capital and high level of job burnout is very detrimental both for the organization and individual employee. A few studies have identified the factors influencing job burnout of nurses. The model developed in this study is unique and yet to be used. This study investigates the mediating effect of job satisfaction between psychological capital and job burnout of nurses in Pakistan. Data were collected from 219 female nurses working in government hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan through Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Questionnaire is based on a Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and Job Satisfaction Survey. Correlation analysis explored a significant positive relationship between psychological capital and job satisfaction and a negative relationship between psychological capital and job burnout. A significant negative relationship between job satisfaction and job burnout was also confirmed. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a significant positive path from psychological capital to job satisfaction, and a negative path to job burnout. A significant negative path from job satisfaction to job burnout was also investigated. Furthermore, job satisfaction mediated the relationship between psychological capital and job burnout. The path from psychological capital to job burnout through job satisfaction was found significant. This study contributes to the previous reservoir of literature and explains the importance of the impact of psychological capital on job burnout.

This paper investigates empirically the long-run relationship and short-run dynamic linkages between financial development and economic growth in Sudan during the period 1970- 2011. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration. The analysis is carried out using three indicators to measure the level of financial developments which are the ratio of the credit provided to private sector by commercial banks as a percentage of GDP, the ratio of liquid liabilities of commercial banks to nominal GDP and the broad money supply as a percentage of GDP. We also include four control variables in our analysis. These variables are inflation rate, trade openness, gross investment and government expenditures. As financial development indicators concerned, the result of the long run analysis indicates that credit to the private sector and the liquid liabilities exert positive effect while money supply affect real per capita GDP negatively. The credit to the private sector and the liquid liabilities coefficients have expected signs. Although the relation between financial development indicators and real per capita GDP is low and insignificant especially in the case of liquid liabilities and money supply, credit to the private sector is the only indicator that affects the economy in Sudan in the long-run. Although we could not find any short-run relationship between the explanatory variables and real per capita GDP in Sudan, these variables are found to be related in the long-run. The results indicate that government expenditure, inflation, money supply and trade openness exert negative effects, while investment, private credit and liquidity have positive effect on real per capita GDP. These findings may be attributed to the weak capital base of Sudanese banks, the high cost of borrowing due to insufficient inter-bank competition, the risk of extending credit to sectors other than trade, which is considered by banks as unjustifiably high and the absence of an appropriate investment climate ...

Semnan is a city in semnan province, northern Iran with a population estimated at 119,778 inhabitants. It is the provincial capital of semnan province. Iran is a developing country and construction is a basic factor of developing too. Hence, Semnan city needs to a special programming for construction of buildings, structures and infrastructures. Semnan municipality tries to begin this program. In addition to, city has some historical monuments which can be interesting for tourists. Hence, Semnan inhabitants can benefit from tourist industry. Optimization of Energy in construction industry is another activity of this municipality and the inhabitants who execute these regulations receive some discounts. Many parts of Iran such as semnan are located in highly seismic zones and structures must be constructed safe e.g., according to recent seismic codes. In this paper opportunities of IT in construction industry of Iran are investigated in three categories. Pre-construction phase, construction phase and earthquake disaster mitigation are studied. Studies show that information technology can be used in these items for reducing the losses and increasing the benefits. Both government and private sectors must contribute to this strategic project for obtaining the best result.