Suchergebnisse

Este trabajo examina la producción de la renta en Iguaque, un pueblo de unos 300 indios, y la composición de su población, «asentado en una hoya sercado de tierras e ser toda tierra aspera e la mas della ynfructifera», en la cercanía de Villa de Leyva, provincia de Tunja del Nuevo Reino de Granada, en el último tercio del siglo XVI. Está basado en el análisis de tres visitas, incluidas en los pleitos que sus encomenderos entablaron con las diferentes autoridades coloniales. La experiencia de los indios de Iguaque y de las sucesivas visitas a que fueron sometidos permite ejemplificar, a nivel muy local, algunas dimensiones importantes sobre el papel que tuvieron los indios, y su reclutamiento institucional dentro de la encomienda, en el proceso de transición al sistema colonial. En un siglo Iguaque perdió de manera casi completa a su población tributaria.

This article addresses the reactions of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) economies to external shocks. Unlike the existing economic integration projects, the UNASUR was conceived as a political alliance. Because the recent euro debt crisis con rmed the importance of political agreement for economic integration, the South American plan is likely to be promising. However, economic and political aspects must go hand in hand for an integration project to succeed. Thus, assessing the UNASUR from an economic perspective is essential. Using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) approach, this paper measures the impact of three external shocks (monetary, commercial and nancial) in the real, monetary and fi scal economic sector of seven UNASUR economies, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, and detects for co-movement paths. The results reveal a non-negligible current synchronization level across the studied economies, con rm their high external vulnerability and identify mutual weaknesses to overcome.

This article addresses the reactions of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) economies to external shocks. Unlike the existing economic integration projects, the UNASUR was conceived as a political alliance. Because the recent euro debt crisis con rmed the importance of political agreement for economic integration, the South American plan is likely to be promising. However, economic and political aspects must go hand in hand for an integration project to succeed. Thus, assessing the UNASUR from an economic perspective is essential. Using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) approach, this paper measures the impact of three external shocks (monetary, commercial and nancial) in the real, monetary and fi scal economic sector of seven UNASUR economies, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, and detects for co-movement paths. The results reveal a non-negligible current synchronization level across the studied economies, con rm their high external vulnerability and identify mutual weaknesses to overcome.

This article addresses the reactions of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) economies to external shocks. Unlike the existing economic integration projects, the UNASUR was conceived as a political alliance. Because the recent euro debt crisis con rmed the importance of political agreement for economic integration, the South American plan is likely to be promising. However, economic and political aspects must go hand in hand for an integration project to succeed. Thus, assessing the UNASUR from an economic perspective is essential. Using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) approach, this paper measures the impact of three external shocks (monetary, commercial and nancial) in the real, monetary and fi scal economic sector of seven UNASUR economies, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, and detects for co-movement paths. The results reveal a non-negligible current synchronization level across the studied economies, con rm their high external vulnerability and identify mutual weaknesses to overcome.

El análisis de la Guerra Civil Española es un tema relevante en la historiografía actual, por sus repercusiones, por su legado que inspiró obras inmortales y por convertirse en un referente para entender el tránsito de las dictaduras a las democracias. La lectura de esta guerra se divide en: los años de conflicto que corresponde a la historiografía del combate y aquella que cuestiona a esta historiografía. Una tercera lectura o emergencia de la historiografía científica, lectura actual, preocupada por la recuperación de los gastos y la memoria de la guerra y de la dictadura. Dentro de esta última lectura se busca reflexionar sobre el impacto de la Guerra Civil Española en los grupos de la sociedad peruana, ya que ella influenció en la configuración de la identidad social y política entre las élites y vastos sectores medios y populares peruanos. Lo anterior, a través de una bibliografía actualizada y abundante. España como referencia y el hispanismo como ideología, son vectores de cohesión dentro de una sociedad peruana multiétnica y católica. Lo ocurrido con la guerra no es indiferente entre los grupos sociales peruanos, lo que explica que los diarios limeños la difundieran y comentaran cotidianamente; de tal manera que estos grupos lograron configurar su situación y destino, dotando a su clase de un contenido especifico, para lo cual enfatizaron en las semejanzas entre la situación peruana y española, manipulando ideológicamente las consecuencias reales y potenciales del desenlace de la guerra, combinando realidades y fantasmas en la afirmación de su ideología de derecha. ; The Spanish Civil War analysis is a relevant topic in current histori aography because of its aftermath, its legacy which inspired immortal works and because it became a benchmarck for understanding the transition from dictatorship to democracy. The interpretation of this is divided into: the conflict years that correspond to the combat historiography and the interpretation that questions this historiography. A third reading or emergence of the scientific historiography, current reading, is concerned about cost recovery and the memory of the war and the dictatorship. Within this last reading it is important to reflect about the impact the Spanish Civil War had on the Peruvian social groups since it influenced in the social and political identity configuration between elites and vast Peruvian media and popular sectors. This can be done through an updated and abundant bibliography. Spain as a reference and Hspanism as an ideology are cohesion vectors in a multiethnic and catholic Peruvian society. What happened with the war is not indifferent between the Peruvian social groups which explain that Lima newspapers disseminated and commented it rutinarily in such a way that these groups were able to set their location and destiny, providing their class with a specific content for which they emphasized the similarities between the Peruvian and the Spanish situation, ideologically manipulating the real and potential consequences of the war outcome, combining realities and ghosts in the assertion of the right-wing ideology.

This article addresses the reactions of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) economies to external shocks. Unlike the existing economic integration projects, the UNASUR was conceived as a political alliance. Because the recent euro debt crisis con rmed the importance of political agreement for economic integration, the South American plan is likely to be promising. However, economic and political aspects must go hand in hand for an integration project to succeed. Thus, assessing the UNASUR from an economic perspective is essential. Using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) approach, this paper measures the impact of three external shocks (monetary, commercial and nancial) in the real, monetary and fi scal economic sector of seven UNASUR economies, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, and detects for co-movement paths. The results reveal a non-negligible current synchronization level across the studied economies, con rm their high external vulnerability and identify mutual weaknesses to overcome.