Suchergebnisse

La relazione riporta al venticinquennio tra il XIII e il XIV secolo che vide il Comune di Pisa intessere strette relazioni con i Montefeltro e ricorrere alla loro sperimentata capacità militare e politica in delicati momenti della vita cittadina.

Preface -- Introduction -- Contents -- On the History of the Theory of Plough -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Moldboard -- 3 The Theory of Plough -- 4 The Development of Triangular Wedge in the Theory of Plough -- 5 Technological Fundamentals of the Plough -- 6 The Mechanic Foundations for the Theory of Plough -- 7 Goryachkin's Instruments and Experimental Studies -- 8 Experimental Studies -- 9 The Foundations for Plough Construction -- 10 The Rational Formula for Determining the Draft Resistance of the Plough -- 11 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Plumb Board in the Missing Panel: A New Key for Understanding the Renaissance Symbolism in the G ... -- Abstract -- 1 The History of the Gubbio Studiolo -- 2 The Studiolo Replica -- 3 The Missing Panel -- 4 The Mysterious Object -- 5 The New Interpretation of the Inlays -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Designing and Prototyping Reconstruction of Musician Automata -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Musician Automata -- 3 Design and Prototype Reconstruction of Ancient Automata -- 4 An Example: The Blossoming Flower Clock -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- A Comparison Between Ancient Chinese and European Winnowers: Further Research on the Ancients' Recog ... -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Winnowers in Europe -- 3 A Comparison of Early Winnower Between Europe and China -- 4 Discussions on the Obtainment of Winnower Technologies -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- A Study on the Early Chinese Steel Rails Heritage of Hanyehping Company, China -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Overview of the NRMC's Collection of Old Rails -- 3 The Examination of Hanyang Rails and the Imported Rails -- 3.1 The Selection of Samples -- 3.2 Testing and Analysis of Rail Material Performance -- 4 Historical Discussion and Conclusion -- References

Resumo: O presente ensaio aborda alguns aspectos da temática das perversões e seu arcabouço teórico-clínico. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma revisão bibliográfica dos textos freudianos sobre as perversões e sua íntima imbricação com o sexual em sua obra. Em seguida, serão analisadas as contribuições teóricas de Robert Stoller sobre a clínica das perversões e sua conceitualização como forma erótica do ódio. Procura-se apontar como as inovações teóricas de Stoller possibilitaram uma nova forma de compreensão na clínica das perversões. Conclui- se que as observações clínicas feitas por Freud e, posteriormente, Stoller ecoam na contemporaneidade, demonstrando a inovação e ousadia conceitual de ambos os autores.Palavras-chave: Perversão. Erotização do ódio. Sexualidade. Conceito.Abstract: This essay addresses some aspects of the theme of perversions and their theoretical-clinical framework. Initially, it starts with a bibliographic review of Freudian texts on perversions and their intimate overlap with the sexual in his work. Then, Robert Stoller ́s theoretical contributions on the clinic of perversions and their conceptualization as an erotic from of hatred will be analyzed. It seeks to point out how Stoller ́s theoretical innovations enable a new form of understanding in the clinic of perversions. It is concluded that the clinical observations made by Freud and, later, Stoller echo in contemporary times, demonstrating the innovation and conceptual boldness of both authors. Keywords: Perversion. Hatred eroticization. Sexuality. Concept.

In 1316 the town-republic of Sassari issued its 'Statuti', a collection of regulations describing the city's legal and administrative matters. Although the contents of the document vividly present many traits of the city's XIV century's life, the original form in which it came to us – in Latin and vernacular Sardinian – make it very inaccessible to the general public. In the 700's anniversary of the Statuti the local Historic Archives started a vast dissemination project involving us on the grounds of our expertise in communication design. Over the following year our research unit was engaged in the production of an experimental informative platform in which various artifacts – three animated short films, an illustrated booklet, and a website, among the others – explore ways to enhance the degree of accessibility of such an important historical account to the general public. A key step along this process was the understanding that as different users have varying abilities in processing the available information, to provide actual access to it implies varying degrees of interpretation of the text per se, which clearly raises questions of historical accuracy. This brought to the development of a model in which a series of artifacts based on various degrees of 'proximity' – and therefore of interpretation – to the original text, can represent different access points for the understanding of an otherwise very inaccessible text.

Un geografo e due formatori di barman dialogano su bevande e prassi di co-creazione dei modi di bere che si evolvono in stretta relazione con i mutamenti del quadro geoeconomico e geopolitico della regione caraibica. Vengono esaminate la nascita e l'evoluzione dei modi di bere nel territorio caraibico, dall'arrivo, in età moderna, dei colonizzatori europei e degli schiavi africani, a quello successivo dei produttori di spirito di canna da zucchero, all'uso di fermentati pre-canna da zucchero e alle prime distillerie di rum, fino agli sviluppi contemporanei, con particolare riferimento al paradigmatico caso di Cuba. La ricerca restituisce una dinamica di processo che coinvolge comunità locali, imprenditori, decisori politici e produttori di conoscenza (cantineros, bartenders, distillatori, depositari di saperi locali). Un palinsesto soggetto a continue cancellazioni e riscritture, dai confini incerti e permeabili, una geografia che ben si conforma, per dirla con Franco Farinelli (2019, p. 108), al «primo sguardo che si posa su quello che sarà il Nuovo Mondo […] uno sguardo prospettico cioè spaziale, fisso sul punto di fuga, sul punto che c'è e non c'è, esiste e non esiste, appare e scompare […] vanishing point». A geographer and two bartender trainers talk about drinks and co-creation practices that change in close relation to changes in the geoecomic and geopolitical framework of the Caribbean region. They examine the birth and evolution of drinking patterns in the Caribbean, from the arrival in modern times of European colonizers and African slaves, to the subsequent arrival of sugar cane spirit producers, the use of pre-cane ferments and the first rum distilleries, up to contemporary developments, with particular reference to the paradigmatic case of Cuba. The research returns a dynamic process involving local communities, entrepreneurs, policy makers and knowledge producers (cantineros, bartenders, distillers, and local knowledge custodians). A palimpsest undergoing continuous erasing and rewriting, with uncertain and permeable borders, a geography that conforms well, as Franco Farinelli says (2019, p. 108), to «the first glance gazing at what will be the New World [.] a perspective glance, that is, a spatial glance, fixed on the vanishing point, on the point that is and is not there, exists and does not exist, appears and disappears [.] vanishing point».

In the 1960s, gender concept and female role developed highlighting sexual inequalities in the relationship between male and female. In this perspective, there was a need to identify the violence perpetrated by men against women in order to gain awareness of the phenomenon. In 1990, Diana Russell coined the term "femicide" as a murder of a woman by a man because she is a woman. In this study, we analyze the features of murders involving male as authors and female as victims occurred in Turin from 1970 till 2012. Our goal is to determine whether the legislative and cultural changes that took place in Italy during that period had an impact on the rate of these crimes. Accordingly, we examined the archives of the Institute of Legal Medicine and those of the Central Morgue of Turin together with the stories reported in local newspapers to better understand the circumstances in which such crimes occurred. We focused upon the following items: the locations where crimes took place, the weapons used, the perpetrators' features (including their motivations), the victims' age and nationality. Then, we divided the crimes into femicides and homicides to compare the two categories. In our series, femicides were more frequent than homicides, and the frequency of violent deaths decreased over time. As regards to the victims' age, there was a discrepancy within the two groups: most of the homicides took place against women over the age of 65 years; while femicides were concentrated in the range of 25-50 years old. Most of the killings occurred against Italian women. Over 60% of homicides had a woman as the sole victim; while in 8.84% of cases, the homicide was followed by the perpetrator's suicide. Among femicides, 62.4% of cases concerned only one woman and 17.6% of them were followed by the perpetrator's suicide. With regards to femicide, in 64% of cases the perpetrator was the partner, in 10.4% of cases a former partner, and in 6.4% of cases a close relative. Finally, in 9.6% of cases the perpetrator was a stalker. There was not a prevalence of a particular weapon and the injuries were mainly inflicted on the victims' head. As regards to the place where the events occurred, there was a clear prevalence of the couple's home, followed by the victim's home. The analysis of the results shows that the introduction of divorce law (1970) did not alter the trend of "femicide", which decrease only after the ban of mitigating circumstances for "honor killing" (1981).

Introduction: After the signing of the alliance among Japan, Germany and Italy's governments in September 1940, several journals arose in order to spread the Japanese culture among people who knew very little about Italy's new allied. Some documentaries also had the same function. Methods: The numerous textual and iconographical references concerning the Japanese warriors' anthropology published in some Italian magazines during the 1940s have been compared, as well as to the few Italian monographs on the same theme and to some documentaries by Istituto Nazionale Luce, government propaganda organ. This subject has also been compared to the first Italian cultural production, concerning Japan, which dated back to the first decades of the 20 th century. Moreover different intellectuals' biographies of those times have been deeply analyzed. Results: Comparing to each other the anthropological references about Japan in the Italian cultural production during the Second World War, we can notice a significant ideological homogeneity. This can be explained through their writers' common sharing of the militaristic, hierarchical and totalitarian doctrine of the Fascist Regime. The Fascist ideology can be summarized in the Bushido concept, as Inazo Nitobe defined it in 1916. This concept was already known in Italy on the early 20 th century, far before Fascism. Discussions and conclusions: We can see how Italian perception of the Japanese anthropology on the early 20 th century didn't change over time and how its features will re-appear in the 40s under the influence of the Italian-Japanese coalition. So, Bushido became the essence of the Japanese military and national identity that Fascist Italy took as example for mass education. Some of these stereotypes will re-appear after the war and until recent times in popular culture and in mass perception of Japanese martial arts.

Introduction: After the signing of the alliance among Japan, Germany and Italy's governments in September 1940, several journals arose in order to spread the Japanese culture among people who knew very little about Italy's new allied. Some documentaries also had the same function. Methods: The numerous textual and iconographical references concerning the Japanese warriors' anthropology published in some Italian magazines during the 1940s have been compared, as well as to the few Italian monographs on the same theme and to some documentaries by Istituto Nazionale Luce, government propaganda organ. This subject has also been compared to the first Italian cultural production, concerning Japan, which dated back to the first decades of the 20th century. Moreover different intellectuals' biographies of those times have been deeply analyzed. Results: Comparing to each other the anthropological references about Japan in the Italian cultural production during the Second World War, we can notice a significant ideological homogeneity. This can be explained through their writers' common sharing of the militaristic, hierarchical and totalitarian doctrine of the Fascist Regime. The Fascist ideology can be summarized in the Bushido concept, as Inazo Nitobe defined it in 1916. This concept was already known in Italy on the early 20th century, far before Fascism. Discussions and conclusions: We can see how Italian perception of the Japanese anthropology on the early 20th century didn't change over time and how its features will re-appear in the 40s under the influence of the Italian-Japanese coalition. So, Bushido became the essence of the Japanese military and national identity that Fascist Italy took as example for mass education. Some of these stereotypes will re-appear after the war and until recent times in popular culture and in mass perception of Japanese martial arts. ; Introducción: Tras la firma de la alianza entre Japón, Alemania e Italia en septiembre de 1940, surgieron diversas revistas para difundir la cultura japonesa entre una población que sabía muy poco sobre el nuevo aliado de Italia. Algunos documentales también tuvieron el mismo propósito. Métodos: Se han comparado numerosas fuentes textuales e iconográficas relacionadas con la antropología de los guerreros japoneses, publicadas en algunas revistas italianas durante la década de 1940, así como algunas monografías italianas sobre el mismo tema y algunos documentales del Istituto Nazionale Luce, órgano de propaganda del gobierno. Este tema también se ha comparado con la primera producción cultural italiana referente a Japón, que se remonta a las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Además, se han analizado en profundidad las biografías de diferentes intelectuales de aquel periodo. Resultados: Comparando las referencias antropológicas sobre Japón en la producción cultural italiana durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, podemos observar una significativa homogeneidad ideológica. Esto se explica porque los autores compartían la doctrina militarista, jerárquica y totalitaria propia del régimen fascista. La ideología fascista se puede resumir en el concepto Bushido, tal y como lo definió Inazo Nitobe en 1916. Este concepto ya se conocía en Italia a principios del siglo XX, mucho antes del fascismo. Discusiones y conclusiones: Podemos observar cómo la percepción italiana de la antropología japonesa a principios del siglo XX no cambió con el tiempo y cómo sus características volverían a aparecer en los años 40 por la influencia de la coalición italo-japonesa. Así, el Bushido se convirtió en la esencia de la identidad militar y nacional japonesa que la Italia Fascista tomó como ejemplo para la educación de masas. Algunos de estos estereotipos volverían a aparecer tras la guerra e incluso en tiempos recientes en la cultura y percepción popular de las artes marciales japonesas. ; Introdução: Com a aliança estabelecida entre o Japão, a Alemanha e a Itália, em setembro de 1940, surgiram diversas revistas a difundir a cultura japonesa, por entre uma população que sabia muito pouco sobre os novos aliados de Itália. Alguns documentários também tiveram o mesmo propósito. Métodos: Compararam-se numerosas fontes textuais e iconográficas relacionadas com a antropologia dos guerreiros japoneses, publicadas em algumas revistas italianas durante a década de 1940, assim como algumas monografias italianas sobre o mesmo tema, e alguns documentários do "Istituto Nazionale Luce", órgão de propaganda do governo. Este tema também se comparou com a primeira produção cultural italiana referente ao Japão, que remonta às primeiras décadas do século XX. Por outro lado, analisou-se, em profundidade, as biografias de diferentes intelectuais desse período. Resultados: Comparando as referências antropológicas sobre o Japão na produção cultural italiana durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, podemos observar uma significativa homogeneidade ideológica. Isto explica-se porque os autores compartilharam a doutrina militarista, hierárquica e totalitária própria do regime fascista. A ideologia fascista pode-se resumir no conceito de Bushido, tal como o definiu Inazo Nitobe, em 1916. Este conceito já era conhecido em Itália no início do século XX, muito antes do fascismo. Discussões e conclusões: Podemos observar como a percepção italiana da antropologia japonesa, no início do século XX, não mudou com o tempo e como as suas características voltaram a aparecer nos anos 40 por influência da coligação italiano-japonesa. Assim, o Bushido se converteu na essência da identidade militar e nacional japonesa, que a Itália fascista tomou como exemplo para a educação das massas. Alguns destes estereótipos voltariam a surgir com a guerra, e nos tempos recentes, na cultura e percepção popular das artes marciais japonesas.

Resumo: Recordando que o conceito de fantasia em Formulações sobre os dois princípios do acontecer psíquico se equipara ao conceito de ilusão, utilizado em O futuro de uma ilusão, procurou-se realizar uma interlocução entre fantasia e desamparo. Primeiramente, é feita uma digressão sobre o conceito de ilusão, tal como trabalhado na obra freudiana, bem como da condição de desamparo, principalmente, psíquico. Além disso, realizou-se um resgate do conceito de fantasia, para enfim estabelecer as possibilidades de interlocução entre desamparo, ilusão e fantasia. Após essa análise, foi percebido que, embora tanto na fantasia quanto na ilusão o teste de realidade não exerce influência, fantasia e ilusão ocupam lugares diferentes na topologia psíquica.Palavras-chave: Desamparo. Fantasia. Ilusão.Abstract: Reminding that the concept of fantasy in Formulations on the two principles of psychic happening matches the concept of illusion, used in The Future of an Illusion, it was sought to make an interlocution between fantasy and helplessness. Firstly, a digression was made about the concept of illusion, as worked in Freud's work, as well as the condition of helplessness, especially psychic. In addition, the concept of fantasy was rescued to finally establish the possibilities of interlocution between helplessness, illusion and fantasy. After this analysis, it was realized that even though the reality test has no influence in both fantasy and illusion, they occupy different places in psychic topology.Keywords: Helplessness. Fantasy. Illusion.