The Greening of the Press. Terminological Neology between Metaphor and Manipulation. Through the analysis of Cop26 eco-political discourses, collected from the newspapers Le Monde, Libération, Le Devoir and La Presse, the aim of the contribution is to propose a systematisation of ecological green. Rooted in political terminology while used in a diplomatic and mediatic context, the colour provokes a counter-discourse that calls into question accusations of greenwashing. The referential domain linked to green is largely that of the energy crisis on the one hand, and the opportunities of a sustainable approach to global economy on the other, themes analysed as semantic preferences of the lexeme, as well as discursive contexts that evoke promise/hope or deception/catastrophe. The synchronic perspective is chosen to probe the topicality of environmental lexis in journalistic contexts, whose stylistic and creative turns of phrase also contribute to enriching the specialised terminology, and to shape the double perception of the colour in the collective discursive memory. Keywords: Neology, ecological technolect, journalistic discourse, anglicisms
Abstract Introduction Rhabdomyolysis is a severe and debilitating condition that promotes muscle breakdown and is a relatively rare, not always diagnosed cause of acute renal failure (ARF) with an 8–20% reported incidence. Exertional rhabdomyolysis only appears in adult patients 24–48 h after strenuous activities as military basic training, weight lifting, and marathon running. Case presentation A 30-year-old man was admitted to our department because of weakness and painful swelling of the muscles as well as dark urine appearing 24 h after carrying out a body-building exercises of low intensity. The development of an acute exertional rhabdomyolysis was confirmed by the increased serum enzyme levels and myoglobinuria. The patient was treated with intravenous sodium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate. The nephrotoxicity of myoglobin was decreased by forced alkaline diuresis. Conclusion The reported case emphasizes the occurrence of acute rhabdomyolysis even in those who underwent a low-intensity exercise. A proper treatment is mandatory to avoid a sudden worsening of clinical conditions eventually evolving to acute renal failure.
Context The Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO) commissioned in 2021 the second National Survey on Salt Consumption in the Swiss general adult population, namely the Swiss Salt Study 2 (SSS2), with a design similar to SSS1 (2010‐2011) for comparability. Methods This second survey, conducted in 2022‐2023 includes a random sample of 863 adult permanent residents in Switzerland (450 men and 413 women) covering the three main linguistic regions (French, German, and Italian) of Switzerland. Dietary salt (NaCl), potassium (K), and sodium‐to‐potassium (Na:K) ratio intakes were estimated using 24‐hour urine collections. Participants' knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding salt, as well as their self‐perception of daily salt consumption, were assessed through a questionnaire. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured using standardized validated methods during study visits. Main results The urinary NaCl excretion (mean ± SD, serving as proxy for dietary salt intake), was 8.7 ± 3.6 g/24h overall, 9.9 ± 3.9 g/24h in men and 7.4 ± 2.8 g/24h in women. Only 20.9% (95%CI: 17.3 ‐ 25.1) of women and 7.8% (95%CI: 5.7 ‐ 10.7) of men had a urinary NaCl excretion below the WHO recommended maximal level of 5 g/24h. Accordingly, women were found about three times more likely to reach the recommended target than men. Dietary salt intake was similar across linguistic regions and tended to be lower in the older age group than in the younger ones, in both men and women. The urinary K excretion (mean ± SD, serving as proxy for potassium intake) was 2.73 ± 0.98 g/24h overall, 2.95 ± 1.00 g/24h in men, and 2.49 ± 0.92 g/24h in women. The mean potassium intake was below the recommended minimal intake of 3.5 g (equivalent to at least 2.7 g/24h excreted in urine) in all age groups for women and in the 18‐29 age group for men. The mean 24h urinary molar Na:K ratio (mean ± SD) was 2.25 ± 0.92 overall, 2.12 ± 0.85 in women, and 2.37 ± 0.96 in men. Most participants did not comply with the optimal (≤ 1.0) and suboptimal (≤ 2.0) Na:K ratio targets, with 96.0% (95%CI: 94.5 ‐ 97.2) of participants presenting a ratio above 1.0, and 54.1% (95%CI: 50.7 ‐ 57.5) presenting a ratio above 2.0. Women were more likely to adhere to the suboptimal target than men, and older individuals more likely than younger individuals. Knowledge of salt‐related health risks among the population was high, with 81.8% (95% CI: 79.1 ‐ 84.2) of participants aware that excessive salt intake negatively impacts health. Among participants, 49.5% (95% CI: 46.1 ‐ 52.8) reported never adding salt to their food at home, while 40.9% (95% CI: 37.7 ‐ 42.2) occasionally added salt, 7.8% (95% CI: 6.2 ‐ 9.8) usually added salt, and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.1 ‐ 3.0) always added salt. When eating out, 69.1% (95% CI: 65.9 ‐ 72.1) of participants reported never adding salt, while 26.7% (95% CI: 23.8 ‐ 29.7) occasionally added salt, 3.1% (95% CI: 2.2 ‐ 4.5) usually added salt, and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.06 ‐ 2.1) always added salt. Overall, 36.0% (95% CI: 32.9 ‐ 39.3) of participants reported that they were currently watching or limiting their dietary salt intake, with no significant difference between men and women. Most participants (59.9%, 95%CI: 56.6 ‐ 63.1) categorized their salt consumption as medium irrespective of the sex, age group or linguistic region. The proportion of participants classifying their salt consumption as low was 25.7% (95%CI: 22.9 ‐ 28.8) whereas 14.4% (95%CI: 12.2 ‐ 16.9) classified it as high. Hypertension prevalence was 24.0% (95%CI: 21.3 ‐ 27.0) overall, with 15.3% (95%CI: 12.1 ‐ 19.1) in women and 32.1% (95%CI: 27.9 ‐ 36.5) in men. The percentage of hypertensive individuals increased with age in both sexes, ranging from 1.7% (95%CI: 0.2 ‐ 11.3) and 1.9% (95%CI: 0.3 ‐ 12.2) in the 15–29 year old group to 33.3% (95%CI: 25.5 ‐ 42.2) and 55.7% (95%CI: 47.6 ‐ 65.5) in the ≥60 year old group, in women and men, respectively. In this cross‐sectional study, blood pressure was positively associated with urinary NaCl excretion, and this relationship was stronger in men than in women and stronger in older than in younger people. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 33.7% and 11.9% overall, with 41.1% of men being overweight and 11.3% being obese, and 25.7% of women being overweight and 12.6% being obese, respectively. Between the first (2010‐2011) and second (2022‐2023) surveys, a slight, statistically significant, decrease of 0.42 g/24h in daily mean dietary NaCl intake was observed, which corresponds to a 4.6% intake decrease over the last 10 years. However, the prevalence of individuals with urinary NaCl excretion below 5 g/24h was similar in the first and second surveys overall, in men and in women. Conclusions and public health implications Despite an encouraging slight decrease in the mean dietary salt intake between the first and second national surveys, salt intake remains clearly above the international recommendation of 5 g/day in Swiss adults, while potassium intake is well below the recommended intake of at least 3.50 g/day. Efforts must be continued to reduce dietary salt consumption and improve overall diet quality in the general Swiss population. These results underscore the need for a national strategy that does not require region‐specific approaches, yet sex‐ and age‐specific messages might be considered to better consider the observed differences. The survey suggests that interventions lowering dietary salt intake and increasing potassium intake hold promise for mitigating high blood pressure and reduce the burden of arterial hypertension in the adult population. Additionally, a decrease in obesity prevalence is likely to be associated with reduced blood pressure and decreased salt intake. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy that aims to improve dietary quality and promote weight reduction should be considered for the prevention of hypertension and its associated complications.
Improvements in immunosuppression have modified short-term survival of deceased-donor allografts, but not their rate of long-term failure. Mismatches between donor and recipient HLA play an important role in the acute and chronic allogeneic immune response against the graft. Perfect matching at clinically relevant HLA loci does not obviate the need for immunosuppression, suggesting that additional genetic variation plays a critical role in both short- and long-term graft outcomes. By combining patient data and samples from supranational cohorts across the United Kingdom and European Union, we performed the first large-scale genome-wide association study analyzing both donor and recipient DNA in 2094 complete renal transplant-pairs with replication in 5866 complete pairs. We studied deceased-donor grafts allocated on the basis of preferential HLA matching, which provided some control for HLA genetic effects. No strong donor or recipient genetic effects contributing to long- or short-term allograft survival were found outside the HLA region. We discuss the implications for future research and clinical application.
Improvements in immunosuppression have modified short-term survival of deceased-donor allografts, but not their rate of long-term failure. Mismatches between donor and recipient HLA play an important role in the acute and chronic allogeneic immune response against the graft. Perfect matching at clinically relevant HLA loci does not obviate the need for immunosuppression, suggesting that additional genetic variation plays a critical role in both short- and long-term graft outcomes. By combining patient data and samples from supranational cohorts across the United Kingdom and European Union, we performed the first large-scale genome-wide association study analyzing both donor and recipient DNA in 2094 complete renal transplant-pairs with replication in 5866 complete pairs. We studied deceased-donor grafts allocated on the basis of preferential HLA matching, which provided some control for HLA genetic effects. No strong donor or recipient genetic effects contributing to long- or short-term allograft survival were found outside the HLA region. We discuss the implications for future research and clinical application.
Improvements in immunosuppression have modified short-term survival of deceased-donor allografts, but not their rate of long-term failure. Mismatches between donor and recipient HLA play an important role in the acute and chronic allogeneic immune response against the graft. Perfect matching at clinically relevant HLA loci does not obviate the need for immunosuppression, suggesting that additional genetic variation plays a critical role in both short- and long-term graft outcomes. By combining patient data and samples from supranational cohorts across the United Kingdom and European Union, we performed the first large-scale genome-wide association study analyzing both donor and recipient DNA in 2094 complete renal transplant-pairs with replication in 5866 complete pairs. We studied deceased-donor grafts allocated on the basis of preferential HLA matching, which provided some control for HLA genetic effects. No strong donor or recipient genetic effects contributing to long- or short-term allograft survival were found outside the HLA region. We discuss the implications for future research and clinical application.
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.