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Although task conflict is usually seen to be beneficial to team creativity, the relationship is still unclear because of the mixed results. This research investigated why task conflicts resulted in some positive outcomes in terms of team creativity. Drawing on minority dissent theory, this study examined the conflict-creativity relationship by focusing on the mediating role of team reflexivity. We collected the sample data from 338 employees and 67 supervisors (67 teams) across three different sectors (banking, pharmaceuticals, and insurance) in Pakistan to support our hypotheses. We used bootstrapping analysis and the Sobel test to check for the mediation analysis. The results indicated that task conflict increases team reflexivity, team reflexivity facilitated team creativity, and thus, task conflict positively influenced team creativity via team reflexivity. The theoretical and practical implications of this study plus future directions are further discussed.

"This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the intricate security situation prevailing in Balochistan. It explores and establishes correlations between the internal structural vulnerabilities and fault lines of the Pakistani state with the external influences exerted on the region. Employing a rigorous examination of both primary and secondary data, the volume critically examines the multifaceted nature of organised violence in Balochistan. In addition to separatist movements, the presence of religious militancy and cross-border terrorism is thoroughly examined. The book delves into the external involvement of regional and global powers in the intricate tapestry of violence within Balochistan, thereby shedding light on the emerging geopolitical landscape and the corresponding power dynamics in the region. It also analyses how the implementation of large-scale developmental initiatives, particularly facilitated by China under the auspices of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), has elevated the geostrategic significance of Balochistan while simultaneously entangling it in the vortex of regional power politics. This volume will be of interest scholars and researchers specializing in geopolitics, International Relations, and South Asian studies"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Tripura's journey from monarchy to democracy -- Tripura: The journey from a princely state to a democracy -- Tribes in India and Tripura's development distinctiveness -- Tripura's tribal movement: Critiquing the stereotype of tribes in India -- Role of the state -- About the book -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2: Princely Tripura: Absolutist monarchy, tribal heterogeneity, and emergence of public action -- British colonialism and the north-east -- Princely states and the unique position of Tripura monarchy -- Absolutist monarchy, exploitation, and socio-economic heterogeneity within tribes -- Public action in north-east and its emergence in Tripura -- Indian freedom movement and the beginning of political activity in princely Tripura -- The Second World War and repression and reforms -- Price rice and food scarcity in the late 1930s and early 1940s -- Formation of organisations from the 1930s and public action -- The tumult: Administrative changes, state repression and formation of GMP -- The Regency council, Dewani rule, and merger with India -- Struggle of the TRPM against proposed constitutional reforms and Dewani rule -- The repression on the TRPM, JSS, and the tribal people -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3: The Ganamukti Parishad's Revolt of 1948-1951 -- Formation of the GMP and mobilisation -- Locating the GMP revolt -- Agrarian roots and political conditions -- Initial mobilisation: Tribal and non-tribal peasants -- The agrarian agenda of the GMP and mobilisation of peasantry -- The killing of peasants at Golaghati -- Revisiting the tribe-peasant debate -- Agrarian programme: Ending exploitation and providing relief -- Struggle against moneylenders and determining the rate of dadan.

1. Rehabilitation and Deradicalization efforts in Pakistan: An Account -- 2. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration -- 3. Drivers of Extremism in Swat -- 4. Rehabilitation of Ex-combatants in Swat -- 5. From Rehabilitation to Reintegration -- 6. Rehabilitation in a Controlled Environment: An Alternative Approach.

"Carceral Recovery is a medical anthropologist's account of demoralizing disciplinary and punitive approaches that continue to shape people's experience of recovery in an American city and makes a case for dis-entangling punitive approaches from the experience of substance use"--

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Part I Iran Nuclear Deal and Its Fracture -- Chapter 2: The Much-Awaited Deal of 2015 -- Chapter 3: The US Exit from the Deal in 2018 -- Chapter 4: Scholarship on the Ramifications of the Fractured Deal -- Part II Theory -- Chapter 5: Cooperation, Spill-over Effects, and Integration -- Chapter 6: Fast-Paced Spill Back Effect -- Chapter 7: Fractured Deal and Triggers to Renewed Proliferation Interest -- Part III Case Study: Iran -- Chapter 8: Iran's Nuclear Ambition and Its Conflicts in the Pre-Deal Period -- Chapter 9: The Deal and Iran's Muted Nuclear Status -- Chapter 10: US Exit from the Deal and Tehran's Intense Proliferation Interest -- Part IV -- Chapter 11 Conclusion.

1. Rehabilitation and Deradicalization efforts in Pakistan: An Account -- 2. Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration -- 3. Drivers of Extremism in Swat -- 4. Rehabilitation of Ex-combatants in Swat -- 5. From Rehabilitation to Reintegration -- 6. Rehabilitation in a Controlled Environment: An Alternative Approach.

"The characteristics, nature, determinants and size of the informal economy differ from country to country. While much research has been carried out in the context of advanced economies, less attention has been given to developing countries, especially those in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) nations. This is one of the first books to investigate Islamic finance's stance on the informal economy and to discuss it from an OIC perspective. It covers the various definitions, historical development, types and determining factors behind the shadow economy and the reasons for people's preference to join and stay in the informal economy. Similarly, different theories are discussed in detail, thus providing a deeper understanding of the subject matter. The book examines the indicators of the informal sector, such as unemployment, regulation and taxation etc., the effect of financial development and the role of financial inclusion in informal economy in the case of OIC countries compared to non-OIC countries. It defines the main features of the informal economy and discusses their implications for policy formation and implementation. Additionally, the author provides guidance on Islamic finance's role in the informal economy and offers policy recommendations in order to bring more people into the formal economy. The book presents deep and specialist knowledge on the shadow economy as well as facts and figures pertaining to OIC countries and as such, will open the door for future research in this important but understudied field, especially from an Islamic finance angle. It can be used as a comprehensive guide for students, academics and researchers of Islamic studies, development economics, political economy, public policy, law, sociology and anthropology"--

Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- About the Third Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Cost Basics -- 1 Introduction -- Background Discussion -- A Brief History of Cost Accounting in Government -- Cost, Financial, and Managerial Accounting -- Cost Reporting and Audit -- Rules of Cost Commitment -- Ethics in Cost Accounting -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- 2 Cost Classification -- What Is Cost? -- Cost Classification -- Direct vs. Indirect Cost -- Fixed vs. Variable Cost -- Mixed vs. Step Cost -- Current vs. Historical Cost -- Sunk vs. Future Cost -- Incremental vs. Total Cost -- Implicit vs. Explicit Cost -- Product vs. Period Cost -- Standard vs. Actual Cost -- Relevant vs. Irrelevant Cost -- Controllable vs. Uncontrollable Cost -- One-Time vs. Life-Time Cost -- Cost, Expense, and Expenditure -- Reconciling the Difference -- Cost and Depreciation -- Straight-Line Depreciation -- Accelerated Depreciation -- Declining Balance Depreciation -- Double Declining Balance Depreciation -- Sum-of-the-Years'-Digits Depreciation -- Units of Production Depreciation -- Other Methods of Depreciation -- Cost and Price -- Marginal Cost Pricing -- Average Cost Pricing -- Total Cost Pricing -- Cost-Plus Pricing -- Levelized Pricing -- Transfer Pricing -- Other Pricing Methods -- Rate Structure of Price -- Flat Rate -- Uniform Rate -- Fixed Rate -- Block Rate -- Seasonal Rate -- Cost and Inflation -- Determining the Inflation Rate -- Municipal Cost Index -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- 3 Cost Behavior -- Time Frame of Costs -- Short-Run Costs -- Elasticity of Cost -- Point vs. Arc Elasticity -- Long-Run Costs -- Properties of Cost Functions -- Linear Cost Function -- Nonlinear Cost Functions -- Cost Estimation -- The Graphical Method.

"The careful management of costs and operations are two of the most essential elements for successful operation of any organization - public, private, or nonprofit. This book demonstrates that a good grounding in cost basics, especially those related to cost accounting, operations management, and quality control can help all organizations, in particular government, increase efficiency, improve performance, and, in the end, do a better job of running its everyday operation. The book is divided into three parts: Part I offers thorough coverage of cost fundamentals, with an emphasis on basic cost concepts, cost behavior, cost analysis, cost assignment, cost allocation and cost control. Part II deals with optimization in government. Included in this part are traditional or classical optimization with applications in inventory management and queuing, followed by mathematical programming, network analysis, productivity measurement, and games and decisions. Finally, Part III deals with a special case in cost and optimization that has become important in recent years - quality control. Simple, accessible language and explanations are integrated throughout, and examples have been drawn from government so that readers can easily relate to them. Cost and Optimization is required reading for practicing public managers and students of public administration in need of a clear, concise guide to maximizing public resource efficiency"--