Suchergebnisse

This research focuses on the influences of the "Arab Spring" on the tourist discourse that we approach under two argumentative modalities: tourism advertising and tourism promotion. To deal with this issue, we have collected an iconotexual corpus (text + image) among media resources very varied, distributed between 2011 and 2015 by two representative countries for the scale of their tourism activity (Egypt and Tunisia).The analysis of this corpus is based on the assumption that the various speech genres of our corpus are based on a linguistic and visual conception that is relatively different from the information according to the speech genre and the target on the one hand, and according to the cultural underpinning and psychosocial of a complex virtual ideological image in adequacy with the post-crisis on the other hand. The theoretical framework puts forward this complex virtual image in the form of "imagery", a central psychosocial concept in advertising and tourism promotion thanks to its ability to associate the cultural heritage of representations of the past with expectations, dreams and the wishes aroused by the future tourist adventure put on display in this imagery. The theoretical framework anchors the imagery in different speech genres from their constituent dimensions as the textual, socio-physical and material dimensions in order to identify the linguistic process implemented by the speech genre responsible for the reading contract with the recipient and the mobilization of cultural content.Tunisia and Egypt have not responded in the same way to the impact of the new post-crisis political and security context. Indeed, while Egypt has been content with the classic reproduction of tourist imagery based on the variety of its pharaonic heritage by removing the issue of the geopolitical evolution of spring in post-crisis in its imagery, Tunisia, for its part, has resorted to the combination of discursive and visual argumentation founding an imagery that combines not only tradition and architecture but ...

La recherche scientifique est de plus en plus élevée au rang de priorité, et la recherche en santé en particulier, reste l'un des secteurs à plus forte valeur ajoutée dans le monde. En effet, l'impact que génère la recherche médicale dans le système de soins, qu'il s'agisse des établissements de santé ou des soins dispensés ailleurs, est majeur. Par ailleurs, le progrès médical passe par des innovations portant sur de nombreux fronts basés sur une compréhension quantitative et pluridisciplinaire des maladies et de leurs déterminants.La finalité de cette recherche doit servir à la compréhension des phénomènes inhérents à la santé et à l'amélioration de notre système de soins, permettant ainsi un meilleur ciblage des objectifs de la politique nationale de santé, mais aussi une mise en œuvre efficiente des actions qui en découlent. Rappelons que dans le contexte national, les besoins en soins évoluent sans, leur croissance est dictée par une transition épidémiologique, vers les maladies chroniques non transmissibles, et vers les fléaux sociaux de la vie moderne (toxicomanie, accidents de la circulation, vieillissement de la population, changement des modes de vie … etc.). Dans ce cadre, l'engagement de nos chercheurs, confirme la détermination et l'intérêt qu'ils portent à ces problématiques, il s'agit parallèlement de redonner aux jeunes générations l'envie de se lancer dans cette passionnante aventure de la recherche scientifique, encore faut-il que la carrière de chercheur redevienne attirante et valorisante, tant sur le plan social que matériel.

AbstractEnvironmental fines are effective means of bringing polluters under compliance by deterring them from future violations. The design of the fines is guided by policies informed by theories of firm behaviour and empirical records. In Bangladesh, there are no policies governing the penalty rates based on the type and seriousness of the violations. This study models the influence of factory level characteristics on environmental fines levied due to violation of regulations relating to surface water pollution. Textile factories were found to be fined at a higher rate compared to other sectors. It was also found that historical compliance records negatively influenced the penalty rates. However, even with this model it will be difficult to accurately assess the fine for an environmental violation. Though the results offer similarities and differences with other studies and established theories, certain anomalies highlight the regulatory gaps in terms of not having structured penalties appropriate for reported violations in Bangladesh.

Historiographical work on the Saudi monarchy and the genesis of Wahhabi ideology have always aroused much interest among historians specializing in the Arab world. This trend has been accentuated in recent years in light of the burning geopolitical situation in the Middle East and the rise of Muslim religious extremism which is strongly inspired by this ideology. Thus, several elaborate studies attempt to determine the nature of the links that excite between the political power and the Saudi religious power since the creation of the first Saudi state in the late eighteenth century. However, this work, with a few rare exceptions, has remained non-exhaustive, even having a "folkloric" character, according to the expression used by the historian Modj-ta-ba Sadria. ; Les travaux historiographiques concernant la monarchie saoudienne et de la genèse de l'idéologie wahhabite ont toujours suscité beaucoup d'intérêt chez les historiens spécialistes du monde arabe. Cette tendance s'est accentuée ces dernières années au vu de la situation géopolitique brulante au Proche-Orient et à la montée de l'extrémisme religieux musulman qui est fortement inspiré par cette idéologie. Ainsi, plusieurs études élaborées tentent de déterminer la nature des liens qui excitaient entre le pouvoir politique et le pouvoir religieux saoudien depuis la création du premier état saoudien à la fin du XVIII siècle. Cependant, ces travaux à quelques rares exceptions près, sont demeurés non exhaustifs, revêtant même un caractère « folklorique » selon l'expression employée par l'historien Modj-ta-ba Sadria.

Historiographical work on the Saudi monarchy and the genesis of Wahhabi ideology have always aroused much interest among historians specializing in the Arab world. This trend has been accentuated in recent years in light of the burning geopolitical situation in the Middle East and the rise of Muslim religious extremism which is strongly inspired by this ideology. Thus, several elaborate studies attempt to determine the nature of the links that excite between the political power and the Saudi religious power since the creation of the first Saudi state in the late eighteenth century. However, this work, with a few rare exceptions, has remained non-exhaustive, even having a "folkloric" character, according to the expression used by the historian Modj-ta-ba Sadria. ; Les travaux historiographiques concernant la monarchie saoudienne et de la genèse de l'idéologie wahhabite ont toujours suscité beaucoup d'intérêt chez les historiens spécialistes du monde arabe. Cette tendance s'est accentuée ces dernières années au vu de la situation géopolitique brulante au Proche-Orient et à la montée de l'extrémisme religieux musulman qui est fortement inspiré par cette idéologie. Ainsi, plusieurs études élaborées tentent de déterminer la nature des liens qui excitaient entre le pouvoir politique et le pouvoir religieux saoudien depuis la création du premier état saoudien à la fin du XVIII siècle. Cependant, ces travaux à quelques rares exceptions près, sont demeurés non exhaustifs, revêtant même un caractère « folklorique » selon l'expression employée par l'historien Modj-ta-ba Sadria.

This thesis bridges architecture and seismic engineering. These two disciplines, despite being closely interrelated especially in earthquake-prone countries like New Zealand, often operate separately. This observation is particularly relevant when examining the integration of seismic retrofit and architecture. While technical solutions along with design methodologies and legislation have been continuously improved over the last decades, the relationship between architecture and seismic retrofit remains overlooked. An acknowledgment that architecture is a legitimate component of seismic retrofit design introduces the potential for retrofitted buildings to reach both adequate earthquake resistance and even have enhanced architecture quality. Some retrofit guidance documents draw attention to architecture, yet their approaches, commonly taking the form of guidelines or recommendations, focus on maintaining buildings' existing features. Little reflection on the integration of seismic retrofit and the architectural qualities of existing buildings is given. This leaves an unexplored area regarding the architectural impact seismic structure may have on existing buildings, whether negative, neutral, or positive. In this context, the thesis investigates the following question: How can the integration of seismic retrofit and architecture be improved? Such an inquiry requires an understanding of the practice of seismic retrofit through both structural engineering and architectural perspectives. To respond to the research question, the study utilises a qualitative research methodology using a multiple case study strategy. This includes the collection of building documentation, visits to selected seismically retrofitted unreinforced masonry buildings, and interviews with their architects and structural engineers. The thesis starts by reviewing the literature on the relationship between structure and architecture. Several authors emphasise how a structure's capacity to exceed its technical tasks by engaging with architecture can result in enriched projects. Following the transposition of generic relationships between structure and architecture into the context of seismic retrofit, the study explores the issue of integration in a 'real-life context' through five case studies. Each is investigated through the perspectives of architecture, seismic structure and design practice. The conditions and factors influencing integration are identified so awareness and recommendations can be made to introduce designers to new ways of approaching seismic retrofit design. The main conclusion of this research is that while integration between seismic retrofit and architecture can be improved, no standard solution applicable to all retrofit projects exists. Indeed, the thesis highlights the complexity of integration which is a combination of many variables. These variables include among others, time of involvement of the architect, type of seismic structure, and extent of interior refurbishment. Designers need to be aware of certain conditions and positive factors they can draw upon for successful integration as well as negative ones they should avoid.

Historiographical work on the Saudi monarchy and the genesis of Wahhabi ideology have always aroused much interest among historians specializing in the Arab world. This trend has been accentuated in recent years in light of the burning geopolitical situation in the Middle East and the rise of Muslim religious extremism which is strongly inspired by this ideology. Thus, several elaborate studies attempt to determine the nature of the links that excite between the political power and the Saudi religious power since the creation of the first Saudi state in the late eighteenth century. However, this work, with a few rare exceptions, has remained non-exhaustive, even having a "folkloric" character, according to the expression used by the historian Modj-ta-ba Sadria. ; Les travaux historiographiques concernant la monarchie saoudienne et de la genèse de l'idéologie wahhabite ont toujours suscité beaucoup d'intérêt chez les historiens spécialistes du monde arabe. Cette tendance s'est accentuée ces dernières années au vu de la situation géopolitique brulante au Proche-Orient et à la montée de l'extrémisme religieux musulman qui est fortement inspiré par cette idéologie. Ainsi, plusieurs études élaborées tentent de déterminer la nature des liens qui excitaient entre le pouvoir politique et le pouvoir religieux saoudien depuis la création du premier état saoudien à la fin du XVIII siècle. Cependant, ces travaux à quelques rares exceptions près, sont demeurés non exhaustifs, revêtant même un caractère « folklorique » selon l'expression employée par l'historien Modj-ta-ba Sadria.

Historiographical work on the Saudi monarchy and the genesis of Wahhabi ideology have always aroused much interest among historians specializing in the Arab world. This trend has been accentuated in recent years in light of the burning geopolitical situation in the Middle East and the rise of Muslim religious extremism which is strongly inspired by this ideology. Thus, several elaborate studies attempt to determine the nature of the links that excite between the political power and the Saudi religious power since the creation of the first Saudi state in the late eighteenth century. However, this work, with a few rare exceptions, has remained non-exhaustive, even having a "folkloric" character, according to the expression used by the historian Modj-ta-ba Sadria. ; Les travaux historiographiques concernant la monarchie saoudienne et de la genèse de l'idéologie wahhabite ont toujours suscité beaucoup d'intérêt chez les historiens spécialistes du monde arabe. Cette tendance s'est accentuée ces dernières années au vu de la situation géopolitique brulante au Proche-Orient et à la montée de l'extrémisme religieux musulman qui est fortement inspiré par cette idéologie. Ainsi, plusieurs études élaborées tentent de déterminer la nature des liens qui excitaient entre le pouvoir politique et le pouvoir religieux saoudien depuis la création du premier état saoudien à la fin du XVIII siècle. Cependant, ces travaux à quelques rares exceptions près, sont demeurés non exhaustifs, revêtant même un caractère « folklorique » selon l'expression employée par l'historien Modj-ta-ba Sadria.