Suchergebnisse

This research analyses social and generational theories by sociologists and economists, the patterns of development of society that they identified, and also traces the correlation between the portrait of a particular generation and toys for children under 7–11 years old, prevalent during the formation of this generation. An overview of modern popular toys is given and a forecast is made about what features and values of a generation can form their distribution. At the beginning of the research, the author discusses the connection between N. Kondratyev's wave theory, which reflects the economic situation influencing the formation of a generation, and the Hove-Strauss theory of generations, as well as sociological works that supplement the modern understanding of generations: A.M. Rykiel's generational values hierarchy, classification of generations by Yu.M. Levada. Further, attention is paid to the history of toys from the 1920s to 2020s and an analysis of the influence of toys on the formation of a generation is carried out. Some patterns are found between the values of a generation and toys widespread in the appropriate historical period, the result of the influence of modern toys on the portrait of a generation is predicted, and the reasons for such modern trend as gamification are also discussed. The search for patterns by which society is changing and the description of different generations and the historical and economic factors that determined their formation give the opportunity for the scientists to predict the image of the next generations. This perspective is relevant for the future as it has the prospect of development at the junction of social and exact sciences, may be used to predict scenarios of the future development of society. Revealing causal relationships and their subsequent expression by methods of mathematics will allow companies and government agencies to be more ready for new challenges, adapt to changes in society's needs and trends in its development. At this stage, the research partially forecast the face of the generation born in 2000- 2020, and asks questions for further research1.

The article deals with the features of the normative legal regulation of cooperation in 1917. New provisions regulating the activities of cooperative associations, that were fundamentally different from the norms of the cooperative legislation of the tsarist government, are defined. The author highlights the ideological foundations of the cooperative policy of the Provisional government, which influenced the formation of the main provisions of the cooperative legislation in 1917. Key features of the cooperative legislation of 1917 stand out: the determination of the legal status of cooperative companies for the first time a legislator was fixed definition of the concept of "cooperative partnership"; an accomplished fact of registration of a legal entity, this provision was introduced by the legislator for the first time since before the 1917 registration of a legal entity was permissive. This provision greatly facilitated the creation of cooperative associations, which contributed to their rapid growth. Another feature was that minors were allowed to become a member of a cooperative partnership from the age of seventeen, but they were not allowed to be included in the control and management bodies. Cooperative societies were now considered not only as an institution that increased the material well-being of the population, but also as an institution for its spiritual development. Since 1917, there had been a rapid growth of Union associations of cooperative associations both in the provincial and all-Russia ones. This was also a consequence of the new cooperative legislation. It is concluded that the rules of law that completely re-built the cooperative network, defined the status of cooperative partnerships, gave a new impetus to the development of cooperation as a powerful social movement that can mobilize huge masses of the population.

У статті аналізуються книги, публікації, документи та архівні матеріали, присвячені одному з найрезультативніших льотчиків-винищувачів Антигітлерівської коаліції, уродженцю Черкащини двічі Герою Радянського Союзу генерал-лейтенанту авіації Івану Никифоровичу Степаненку. Крім того, за допомогою нових джерел та публікацій, здійснена певна реконструкція життєвого шляху і корекція маловідомих та свідомо прихованих комуністичною цензурою окремих сторінок біографії льотчика. Зокрема, це стосується дитинства та юності Івана Степаненка. Проаналізовано основні етапи становлення І. Н. Степаненка як військового фахівця. Розглянуто його військову діяльність під час Другої світової війни та у повоєнний період. Складено деталізовані рейтинги тридцяти найрезультативніших льотчиків-винищувачів Антигітлерівської коаліції, а також найрезультативніших льотчиків радянських ВПС у протистоянні з німецькими льотчиками.Стаття, присвячена 100-річчю від дня народження одного з найрезультативніших асів Антигітлерівської коаліції, двічі Героя Радянського Союзу генерал-лейтенанта авіації І. Н. Степаненка.