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Most economic studies that have been done on Palestine are committed, whether explicitly or not, to overcome the ubiquity of the conflict between Palestinians and Israelis. Indeed, this is in line with standard economic thinking which places the market at the center of its interests, and overlooks "facts of power" in social relations. Yet, at the same time, they manage to show that politics is an obstacle to the flow of the economy, and therefore, express their wish that the latter becomes an alternative to the former. These works are dominant; they contribute to policy-making and guide the spending of international financial aid to Palestinians.By contrast, I consider the pauperization of Palestinian society a result of the colonial policy of dispossession. The consequences of this policy are manifest in the economic dependency of Palestinians, hence the loss of political autonomy. Indeed, since the British Mandate of Palestine, Zionist colonization of the country came at the expense of the Palestinian Arab presence. In Israel, after 1948, and in the newly occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, after 67, this process of dispossession went hand in hand with an economic integration that has continued until this day.In parallel, the peace process that had begun in Oslo in 1993 contributed to the modeling of a subjugated area integrated into neoliberal globalization under US hegemony. Thus, the transfer of funds established by international financial aid, the exhortation made by the international community to the Palestinians to participate in the economic growth and development, as well as the integration of the Palestinian economy in the Israeli economy and in globalization, should be considered highly political strategies to eliminate ostensibly relations of power, and therefore, invite Palestinians to accept their subjugation. In that sense, economics as well as politics, appear to be "war by other means". ; La majorité des travaux en économie sur la Palestine semblent déterminés par le projet, explicite ou non, de ...

With the end of 60 years since the termination of the British Mandate on Palestine and the first round of failure to effect a two-state solution of the conflict over Palestine, both sides to the conflict are no closer to a just, durable and peaceful solution. The peace process proved to be an end in itself, to be a fetish which commands elaborate rituals but one which tenders no genuine faith. There is a simple reason for this, namely, that the more powerful side to the conflict, blinded by the supremacy of its military might, has been pursuing a solution that reflects the imbalance of power, pure and simple. Like individuals who are immune to learning, there are also peoples who never learn. History teaches us that there are only two alternative bases for conflict resolution, each with entirely different prospects for stability and durability: (1) a basis which reflects the balance of brute force and weight of conquest; and, this is doomed to be unstable and short-lived; (2) a basis which reflects fidelity to moral norms and international rules of law; and, this is the basis which assures long-term stability and durability.

Chronic diseases are the major cause of death and disability in Malaysia, accounted for 71% of all deaths and 69% of the total burden of disease. The WHO in its report Preventing Chronic Disease: A Vital Investment has highlighted the inaction of most governments of the low and middle income countries in tackling the problem urgently, is clear and unacceptable. The acute care paradigm is no longer adequate for the changing pattern of diseases in today's and tomorrow's world. An evolution of primary health care system beyond the acute care model to embrace the concept of caring for long term health problems is imperative in the wake of the rising epidemic of chronic diseases and its crushing burden resulting in escalating healthcare costs. Compelling evidence from around the world showed that there are innovative and cost-effective community-based interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality attributable to chronic diseases, but these are rarely translated into high quality population-wide chronic disease care. This paper describes the current situation of chronic disease management in the Malaysian primary care setting – to highlight the need for change, discuss the barriers to the implementation of effective chronic disease management programmes in the community, and consider fundamental solutions needed to instigate the change in our setting.

This study aimed at identifying self-concept and masculinity/femininity in 102 normal males and a similar number of individuals with Gender Identity Disorder using the Tennessee Self-Concept scale (Farag & Al-Qurashi, 1999) and the MMPI subscale of Masculinity/Femininity
(Hana, Ismail, & Milaika, 1986). Results showed that (a) there are significant differences in self-concept in favor of normal individuals; (b) individuals with Gender Identity Disorder scored significantly higher on clinical measures including neurosis, psychosis, personal disorder, defensive
positiveness, and lower on personality integration, (c) normals scored significantly higher on masculinity measures than did males with Gender Identity Disorder.

Kissinger followed a unique policy in his mediation efforts between the Arabs and Israel by eliciting proposals from each side, getting preliminary reactions, identifying obstacles and then starting the diplomatic process in order to bridge the substantial gaps. On March the 10th 1975, President As-Sādāt presented to Kissinger concrete written proposals for onward transmission to the Israeli government. After being informed that the Israeli government had rejected these proposals, Kissinger, on March the 23rd, said that it was "a sad day for America which has invested hope and faith, and we know it is a sad day for Israel, which needs and wants peace so badly." ; Maciej Klimiuk

A very interesting issue was discussed when the term "Freedom of Learning" was raised by the Minister of Education and Culture, Nadiem Makarim. All academics also gave comments, some were cynical and many gave praise. This reminds us that the activities in education and learning continue to be sought after and studied. Thetarget ideal is to bring future generations to excellence among other countries. However, any conception that is put forward needs to be tested academically on the basis of his thinking. That's not to say, every thought is immediately applied. In fact, once it is applied, it must be evaluated. In order not to get caught up in anomalies and even misconceptions on a national education scale. Speaking of national-scale education, of course referring to what is stated in the National Education System Law (UU Sisdiknas) Number 20 of 2003 "the development of the potential of students to become human beings who believe and fear God Almighty, have noble character, are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent and become a democratic and responsible citizen.