Suchergebnisse

During China's "socio-economic transition period", stretching from 1978 to the present day, the nation's social structure underwent enormous changes. The economic restructuring from a centrally-planned economy to a market-oriented one, combined with the retreat of the state administrative sphere from the labour market, gradually transformed the mechanisms of resource allocation. This has given rise to enlarging gaps between different social groups, which have led to an escalation in tensions between the higher and the lower social strata.In addition, the situation of Chinese women has also changed, with those in contemporary China in a quite different position from their "pre-communist", "traditional" counterparts. Over recent decades, more equalitarian policies have made a great deal of difference, not only to women's self-identification, but also to their social milieu. However, the female employment rate has gradually declined since the economic reforms began, meaning this period has had a major impact on the social status and conditions of Chinese women. These social transformations and differences between the genders have provided an unusual opportunity for scholars and researchers who are interested in social change. As such, this book examines the social structure of contemporary China, exploring how resources are distributed among the different social strata, and how these strata have transformed with the economic reforms and development. In addition, it also investigates the current socio-economic circumstances of Chinese women, especially since many female workers were laid off (xiagang) by state owned enterprises (SOEs) and collectively owned enterprises (COEs) during the "industrial restructuring". In confronting an ever more competitive market environment, has the situation of women degraded or progressed? Do all women face a similar

This volume is about how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) governs the world's largest population in a single-party authoritarian state. It attempts to explain the seemingly contradictory trends of the increasing number of protests, on the one hand, and the results of public opinion surveys that consistently show strong government support on the other hand

Contents -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Refugee in the Hyperghetto -- 1. War/Time -- 2. Housed in the Hyperghetto -- 3. Welfare Resistance -- 4. Workfare Encampments -- 5. Sweatshops of the Neoplantation -- 6. Motherhood -- Conclusion: "Unsettled" -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

This paper proposes methods to incorporate firm heterogeneity in the standard IO-table based approach to portray the domestic segment of global value chains in a country. Using Chinese firm census data for both manufacturing and service sectors, along with constrained optimization techniques, we split the conventional IO table into sub-accounts, which are used to estimate direct and indirect domestic value added in exports of different types of firm. We find that in China, both state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and small and medium domestic private enterprises (SMEs) have much higher shares of indirect exports and ratios of value-added exports to gross exports (VAX), compared to foreign-invested and large domestic private firms. Based on IO tables for both 2007 and 2010, we find increasing VAX ratios for all firm types, particularly for SOEs. By extending the method proposed by Antràs et al. (2012), we find that SOEs are consistently more upstream while SMEs are consistently more downstream within industries. These findings suggest that SOEs still play an important role in shaping China's exports.

The First Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Shanghai on July 23, 1921. In the past 90 years, the CPC has grown from a small, weak and politically naive group of only around 50 people into a powerful organization with more than 82 million members. It has been in power in China for more than 60 years

As China's policy decisions become increasingly significant as a bellwether of global economics, one of the nation's most prominent and long-serving diplomats comes forward to illuminate the powerful country's stance during some of the most important events of recent history. Tang Jiaxuan, born in 1938, served as a Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China from 1998 to 2003, and as the State councilor from 2003 to 2008. Tang Jiaxuan uses his experience at the forefront of China's policies to make Heavy Storm and Gentle Breeze an indispensible guide for anyone interested the past-and future-of China's relationship with the world.

"This paper finds that, concurrent with the rapid growing index investment in commodities markets since early 2000s, futures prices of different commodities in the US became increasingly correlated with each other and this trend was significantly more pronounced for commodities in the two popular GSCI and DJ-UBS commodity indices. This finding reflects a financialization process of commodities markets and helps explain the synchronized price boom and bust of a broad set of seemingly unrelated commodities in the US in 2006-2008. In contrast, such commodity price comovements were absent in China, which refutes growing commodity demands from emerging economies as the driver"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

Ten or fifteen years ago global business was mainly in the hands of a select number of multinational giants. Small and medium-sized business concentrated on their home markets and perhaps one or two neighboring countries. Not so any longer. Even the smallest businesses have realized that they have something to market in distant countries. Under these circumstances, Chinese companies of all sizes in various industries have recently opened to foreign competition. According to the Chinese Commerce Ministry's new release on relevant report, the Chinese foreign investment reached a new record of 26,51 billion US-Dollars in 2007. This represented a growth of 25,3 percent compared to 2006. After the quantity expansion, the quality offensive comes silently. Today, Chinese companies throw not only millions of T-Shirts, toys or plastic bowls in the international market but also wireless LCD-televisions, telecom-equipment and precision tools as well. Chinese companies have realized that a competitive advantage based on low costs, low prices and large quantities in a global economy cannot defend itself long. Consequently, they focus consistently on innovation and brands. In addition, China's globalization also needs strong mental forces. China does not just want to be a world factory, but instead be an internationally competitive market place that Western competitors already are.In the involvement of Chinese companies abroad aimed at specific markets, several strategies are recognizable. German and European companies are facing new chances and challenges at the same time. People must correctly assess the situation and corporate strategies and business concepts, with which they respond effectively and sustainably. The following questions are the focus:In what areas and branches do Chinese companies concentrate in German market? Which Chinese companies go

This book advances a coherent statement of defensive realism as a theory of strategy for our time and adds to our understanding of defensive realism as a grand theory of IR in particular and our understanding of IR in general and contributes to the ongoing debates among major paradigms of international relations.

This book advances a coherent statement of defensive realism as a theory of strategy for our time and adds to our understanding of defensive realism as a grand theory of IR in particular and our understanding of IR in general and contributes to the ongoing debates among major paradigms of international relations.