Suchergebnisse

Discussed are the evolution of the armed forces in the Viceroyalty of New Granada (present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, & Venezuela) in the last decades of Spanish rule, & the army's effect on the colonial social structure. The military reforms instituted by Charles III & Charles IV are analyzed & their impact on existing social structures assessed. Measures used to develop a competitive defense system included the formation of a large, disciplined militia with wide-ranging corporate privileges, & recruitment practices which went counter to a strict sense of social hierarchy. Privileges became available to those who would normally not have had them, & the officer corps was opened to those who would have formerly been excluded. Opposition to the military corporation as a powerful, privileged institution, the most vociferous being the municipal magistrates, is discussed. The result of the military reforms was an undermining of the existing social distinctions within both the military & the larger society. A. Rubins.

After three years of agricultural calamities, both natural and man-made, China has begun the importation on a substantial scale of foodstuffs— a dramatic departure from previous policy. The chief beneficiaries abroad are the grain producers of Canada and Australia.Actual quantities involved may be regarded as small from the standpoint of total Chinese food consumption, but remarkably significant when considered in terms of the actual addition to domestic supplies of wheat and barley, the probable consumption of grain in the seaboard cities, the amount of foreign exchange required, the concomitant decline in other imports (including machinery and raw materials), and the enormous demands usually made upon transportation facilities by agricultural shipments from the interior to the coast. These food purchases are also significant from the standpoint of both Canada and Australia.

How far should the Federal Government go in dictating state health policy? Dr. McLaughlin says that it should coördinate state departments just as these coördinate the departments of cities. "The United States Public Health Service," he says, "has a detailed, comprehensive nation-wide program for every public health problem, but these programs can not be put into effect without adequate funds."

"In an extensive examination of this impassioned debate, Richard Breitman and Allan J. Lichtman find that the president was neither savior nor bystander. In "FDR and the Jews," they draw upon many new primary sources to offer an intriguing portrait of a consummate politician--compassionate but also pragmatic--struggling with opposing priorities under perilous conditions."--Provided by publisher.