Suchergebnisse

This study seeks to analyze the path of the methods used by Spanish teachers in Brazil, from their first mandatory appearance in the curricula, in 1942, to the present day, with the advancement of the Internet and Information and Communication Technologies, in order to understand the relationship between political and economic events and the history of education and curriculum. We seek to understand the reasons that led the Brazilian State to make the study of that language mandatory and reflect on the interference of historical development in the way this foreign language is taught, studying each of the applied teaching methods. ; El estudio presentado busca analizar el recurrido histórico de los métodos utilizados por profesores de español en Brasil, desde su primera aparición de manera obligatoria en los currículos, en 1942, hasta los días actuales, con el avance de la internet y de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, a fin de entender la relación entre los eventos políticos y económicos y la historia de la educación y de los currículos. Buscamos entender las razones que llevaron el Estado Brasileño a hacer obligatorio el estudio de ese idioma y reflexionamos acerca de la interferencia del desarrollo histórico en la manera como esa lengua extranjera se enseña, estudiando cada uno de los métodos de enseñanza aplicados. ; O estudo apresentado busca analisar o percurso dos métodos utilizados por professores de espanhol no Brasil, desde a sua primeira aparição de forma obrigatória nos currículos, em 1942, até os dias atuais, com o avanço da internet e das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, a fim de entender a relação entre os eventos políticos e econômicos e a história da educação e dos currículos. Buscamos entender os motivos que levaram o Estado Brasileiro a tornar obrigatório o estudo desse idioma e refletimos acerca da interferência do desenvolvimento histórico no modo como essa língua estrangeira é ensinada, estudando, para isso, cada um dos métodos de ensino aplicados.

Abstract. We present a statistical analysis of freak waves1 measured during the 203 h of observation on sea surface elevation at a location in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea (2.7 m depth) during June–July 2008. The dataset contains 97 freak waves occurring in both calm and stormy weather conditions. All of the freak waves are solitary waves, 63% of them having positive shape, 17.5% negative shape and 19.5% sign-variable shape. It is suggested that the freak waves can be divided into two groups. Those of the first group, which includes 92% of the freak waves, have an amplification factor (ratio of freak wave height to significant wave height) which does not vary from significant wave height and has values largely within the range of 2.0 to 2.4; while for the second group, which contain the most extreme freak waves, amplification factors depend strongly on significant wave height and can reach 3.1. Analysis based on the Generalised Pareto distribution is used to describe the waves of the first group and lends weight to the identification of the two groups. It is suggested that the probable mechanism of the generation of freak waves in the second group is dispersive focussing. The time-frequency spectra of the freak waves are studied and dispersive tracks, which can be interpreted as dispersive focussing, are demonstrated. 1 taken to be waves whose height is 2 or more times greater than the significant wave height