Suchergebnisse

CPTED theory, research and practice are frequently held to be relatively recent developments in the field of American criminology, generated largely by the works of Oscar Newman (1972) and C. Ray Jeffery (1971). This view of CPTED and its development in the United States falls short of providing an adequate understanding of the vital part that it has played, and can play, in the advancement of crime prevention theory and public policy. CPTED is actually broader than as it is currently understood in the discipline of criminology. This is demonstrated through an examination of the 'era of consumption'' (that is, the time period roughly from the early 1800s to early 1900s where the disease later referred to as tuberculosis was widespread in the US); during this time period, efforts to control the spread of illness were achieved through CPTED strategies which preceded the academic writings of those considered to be the founders of CPTED. Our main goal is to increase the understanding of and appreciation for the vital role that CPTED has played in the history of crime prevention in the United States. Finally, implications are discussed for the prevention of tuberculosis today, as well as HIV infection and AIDS.

This study identified environmental characteristics associated with residential burglaries of apartment complexes predominantly occupied by students, located near two major universities and a community college in Tallahassee, Florida. Through observation and measurement of environmental characteristics, results showed that accessibility played little role in differentiating burglarized and nonburglarized apartment units. Yet, burglarized units were disproportionately likely to be located on the comer of the building and on the first floor. Results also showed that apartment units with reported burglaries in 1993 were less surveillable than apartment units with no reported burglaries—i.e., burglarized units were more obstructed by foliage or structure. Finally, through surveying student apartment residents, results suggested that burglaries largely occurred at times when students reported being away from their apartments for purposes of attending classes, engaging in recreational activities, or shopping. The results add additional support for the well-established link between environmental characteristics and residential burglary.

THE GULF WAR SEEMS TO CALL NOT JUST FOR LARGE-SCALE ORGANIZING AND RESISTANCE BUT ALSO FOR A WHOLESALE REASSESSMENT OF OPPOSITIONAL THEORIES AND CRITIQUES. THIS ARTICLE SEEKS TO UNTANGLE THE PERPLEXITIES BY THINKING THROUGH THE WAYS IN WHICH EXISTING FRAMEWORKS OF ANALYSIS CAN STILL AID UNDERSTANDING AND THE WAYS THEY FALL SHORT. IT EXAMINES THE WAR FROM A MARXIST-ECONOMIC, DECLINING HEGEMON, POST-COLD WAR, FEMINIST, MEDIA CONTROL, AND LEGACY-OF-VIETNAM PERSPECTIVE. WHILE NO SINGLE VIEWPOINT SUFFICIENTLY ANSWERS ALL THE QUESTIONS AND CALMS FEARS, THEY ALL CONTRIBUTE SOMEWHAT TO UNDERSTAND.

Recently, the Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) International began requiring a descriptive summary of strategies used to address and ensure diversity, particularly when determining an institution's eligibility for accreditation. As a result, business schools (accounting programs) will have to define diversity with respect to their missions and cultural contexts (demographic make-up). Therefore, this study's objective is to provide comparisons between majority and minority accounting faculty respondents regarding diversity issues and the current academic environment. Survey results indicate women (Caucasian) and minorities, more so than men (Caucasian), feel departments are not diverse with respect to gender and race, and cite under-representation in terms of tenure and higher ranks. The respondents' written comments note current problems with diversity initiatives related to reverse discrimination, "window dressing" rather than real commitment, and market constraints (supply and soaring salaries). While three-fourths of the respondents are comfortable with their current work environment, about 30 percent of the women and 23 percent of the minorities perceive gender and ethnic discrimination, respectively. Although somewhat more women and minorities want to leave their current institution, all three groups agree the top two reasons are for more money and a better academic environment.

ABSTRACTThe capacity of the sewage‐treatment works at Silchester in Hampshire has been enhanced and the effluent quality improved to a high standard by the installation of a new submerged biological aerated filter plant. Ten prefabricated steel submerged aerated filters reduce BOD and fully nitrify settled domestic sewage from a population equivalent of 20 000.Comprehensive operating data are presented to demonstrate the ability of single‐stage submerged downflow aerated biological filters to produce a nitrified effluent. The final effluent quality remains consistently within consent limits at 4.8 mg/l BOD, 7.0 mg/l SS and 0.5 mg/l NH3‐N, all 95 percentiles. (Consent 7 mg/l BOD, 25 mg/l SS, and 5 mg/l NH3‐N, 95 percentiles.)Data are presented on total coliform and E. Coli concentrations through the filter plant, showing better than 3 log reductions in the effluent.

Carpet pythons (Morelia spilota) are large (to >4 m,
11 kg) non-venomous snakes that are widely distributed across mainland
Australia. In many parts of their range, viable populations persist even in
highly disturbed urban and suburban habitats. Over a six-year period, we
collected 258 'nuisance' pythons from two cities (Brisbane and
Ipswich) in south-eastern Queensland. Most of these snakes were reported by
members of the general public, often after the snakes had consumed domestic
pets or cage-birds. We provide data on seasonal activity patterns, body sizes,
sexual size dimorphism, reproduction and food habits of these snakes. Snakes
were active and fed year-round, primarily on domestic and commensal birds and
mammals. Dietary composition shifted with body size: one small snake consumed
a lizard, intermediate-sized snakes took mostly mice, rats and parrots, and
large snakes fed on larger items such as cats, brushtail possums and poultry.
Adult male pythons engaged in combat bouts during the breeding season, and
(perhaps as an adaptation to enhance success in such bouts) grew larger and
were more heavy-bodied than conspecific females.