Suchergebnisse

Résumé Cet article présente une analyse démographique, sociologique et économique du taux extrêmement bas de fécondité en Italie, ainsi que ses implications pour le système de transferts sociaux. Un des aspects particuliers de la situation italienne est ce que l'auteur appelle le « syndrome du renvoi » chez les jeunes, c'est-à-dire leur passage graduel et très lent à l'état d'adultes. Des choix essentiels – comme former un couple et avoir des enfants - sont repoussés à une phase bien plus tardive de la vie par rapport à la génération de leurs parents, et seulement après qu 'une série d'étapes eurent été franchies – souvent dans un ordre strictement chronologique – telles que l'achèvement des études, l'entrée sur le marché du travail, l'acquisition d'une source stable de revenu et d'un logement décent. Le contexte social et économique des années quatre-vingt et quatre-vingt-dix a fortement ralenti ce processus. L'auteur appelle à mener une guerre contre le « syndrome » qui retarde le passage à l'âge adulte et la prise de responsabilités telle que la décision d'avoir des enfants, car c'est là, à ses yeux, la pré-condition d'une reprise de la fécondité.

The demography, sociology, and economics of the extremely low fertility of Italy is being addressed in this paper, as well as its implication for the welfare system. One of the peculiar aspects of Italian society is what the author calls the 'delay syndrome' among young people, i.e. their gradual and slow passage into adulthood. Vital choices -- forming a union and having children -- are postponed at a much later phase of life in comparison to their parents, and only once a series of steps have been completed. These include completion of education, entry into the labor market, securing a stable source of income, adequate housing. Once both partners have taken these steps -- often in a strict succession -- then the decisions to leave the parents' household and to form a stable union and to have children are made. Contextual social and economic conditions prevailing in the 80s and 90s have greatly slowed the timing of these steps. The author advocates a war on the 'syndrome' that delays adulthood and postpones the full assumption of responsibilities, including parenthood, as a prerequisite for a recovery of fertility from the current depressed levels. Adapted from the source document.

Describes worldwide population policies during the last fifty years, focusing on directives for designing interventions -- mainly in the area of fertility control. Concerns regarding too rapid population growth emerged after WWII, when the acceleration of the rate of growth in the poor world became evident. Japan's experience in reducing the rate of growth opened the way to other experiences, which, however, became successful only in the 1970s & 1980s. The emergence of an international consensus on population issues is described, & some significant experiences are discussed, eg, those of China & India. Major controversies of the current debate are reviewed, notably the role of demand- & supply-oriented policies. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 2 Photographs, 18 References. Adapted from the source document.