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The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently acknowledged that the principal mode for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) to spread is through airborne particles. Reducing levels of particulate matter, a form of air pollutant, may decrease the spread of the virus and save lives. In this article, we propose establishing local Air Quality Enhancement Districts using low-cost air quality sensors. Air quality sensors provide more detailed data on particulate matter concentrations than what is currently provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which will allow communities and individuals to make better informed decisions about activities during poor air quality days. The core principles behind local Air Quality Enhancement Districts is to (1) provide citizens with more localized data on air quality, (2) raise awareness on localized pollution and health impacts related to COVID-19, and (3) empower citizens and local governments to take quick actions to reduce exposure and respiratory distress during times of poor air quality.

Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview -- Chapter 2: Civic Mission of the University -- Chapter 3: University-Community Partnerships in the Literature -- Chapter 4: Introduction of Cases -- Chapter 5: Defining Community -- Chapter 6: Autonomy and Willingness to Take Risks -- Chapter 7: Universities as Contested Civic Space -- Chapter 8: Institutionalisation of and Socialisation to Community Engaged Practice -- Chapter 9: Measuring Impact -- Chapter 10: Student Engagement -- Chapter 11: Conclusion—Towards the Future of University-Facilitated Civic Health in Global Communities

Civic engagement and collaborative public management are concepts that are defined broadly, making theoretical explication challenging and practical application of empirical research difficult. In this article, the authors adopt definitions of civic engagement and collaborative public management that are centered on the citizen and the potential for active citizenship. Following a historical review of civic engagement in the United States, a conceptual model of five approaches to civic engagement is offered. Citizen‐centered collaborative public management is enhanced through these approaches. The authors suggest the need for further empirical research on collaborative public management that is grounded in citizenship action.

With faith in government waning, cultural diversity spiraling, and fiscal stress straining the ability of policy makers to address the policy challenges accompanying these developments, the salience of (re)connecting citizens with government takes on renewed urgency today. Nowhere is this more the case than in urban America, where so‐called global cities teeming with ethnic diversity and controlling a disproportionate amount of global business in the world economy confront profound citizen participation challenges, choices, and opportunities. In this installment ofTheory to Practice,the authors cull lessons from their 10‐year action theory–based assessment and participation in the city of Los Angeles' neighborhood council experience. Comparing and contrasting their findings in this global city with those from related studies on participatory mechanisms and deliberative processes more generally, they offer six lessons for those seeking to build stronger democracy in urban areas, argue that further advances require a greater research focus on the longitudinal implementation of these efforts rather than just on their design, and contend that university researchers have a role to play in these efforts as long as they appreciate the paradoxical nature of their participation.Expert e‐commentary by Brian Cook of Virginia Tech, Tina Nabatchi of Syracuse University, and John Thomas of Georgia State University on the perspectives and arguments culled from Los Angeles' theory‐based participatory efforts can be found on thePARwebsite (go to aspanet.org, click on the link toPAR,and then on theTheory to Practicelink). These e‐commentaries are accompanied by the authors' response and instructions on howPARreaders can join the exchange.

AbstractEmigration and population shrinkage are challenges faced in countries and communities throughout the world. Based on a systematic literature analysis of approximately 600 articles, we examine voluntary emigration through the lens of non‐economic factors, establishing a cohesive and coherent view of the literature landscape across disciplines and enabling discussion of how local governments and non‐governmental organizations might respond to emigration pressures nationally and locally. The factors identified in the literature are set within seven conceptual categories: personal ambition, personal relationships, quality of life, quality of working life, future opportunity, fitness to enter a new society and quality of governance. Focusing on these factors, a set of tools for local government and non‐governmental organization action are proposed to manage emigration‐induced population shrinkage, including citizen participation, strategic planning and management, cross‐sector partnerships and capacity investments in the non‐profit sector.

Lithuania has been challenged with voluntary emigration since it achieved independence from the Soviet Union, patterns that have been driven by quests for individual and national freedom and self-determination. This book explores municipal responses to help reduce the strain of emigration in Lithuania, with lessons for other nations and communities.

Miestų vystymosi sėkmę lemia ne tik jų politinė ar ekonominė galia, išplėtota infrastruktūra ar palanki geografinė padėtis. Svarbiausias sėkmės veiksnys yra mieste gyvenantys žmonės ir jų gebėjimas bendradarbiaujant proaktyviai reaguoti į šiuolaikinių miestų vystymosi iššūkius. Demokratinėse visuomenėse miesto vietos bendruomenės yra pačios svarbiausios jo sandaros ląstelės sąlygojančios viso miesto gyvybę ir taip užtikrinančios tvarų ir darnų vystymąsi. Nors politinėse darbotvarkėse ir mokslininkų tyrimuose (miesto) bendruomenių gyvybingumo sąvoka vartojama vis intensyviau, tačiau pasigendama suderintos ir moksliškai pagrįstos šios koncepcijos turinio apibrėžties bei jos raiškos tyrimų metodologijos. Šiame straipsnyje pagrindžiamas miesto bendruomenės gyvybingumo aktualumas miesto vystymuisi, išryškinamos šios koncepcijos turinio interpretacijos skirtingų mokslų perspektyvoje, pateikiama miesto bendruomenės gyvybingumo koncepcija. Šiame straipsnyje pristatoma dalis platesnio grupės mokslininkų tyrimo, kuriuo buvo siekiama parengti miesto bendruomenės gyvybingumo tyrimo metodologiją, rezultatų. ; Success of city development depends not only on its political or economic power, level of infrastructure or favorable geographic location. The key factor of success is people living in the city and their ability to collectively and proactively respond to challenges that 21st century cities are facing. In democratic societies local communities of cities are the most important cells of their structure as they facilitate or impede a sustainable and balanced local development. Although the term of (urban) community vitality is becoming more popular in political agendas and academic research, still there is a lack of consistent and scientifically-based definition of this concept and its research methodology. This article justifies the relevance of the urban community vitality for city development, reviews interpretations of the content of this concept from different sciences perspective and proposes an interdisciplinary definition. This article presents the initial results of a broader research, which aim was to create a methodology for identification and analysis of vitality of urban communities.

Success of city development depends not only on its political or economic power, level of infrastructure or favorable geographic location. The key factor of success is people living in the city and their ability to collectively and proactively respond to challenges that 21st century cities are facing. In democratic societies local communities of cities are the most important cells of their structure as they facilitate or impede a sustainable and balanced local development. Although the term of (urban) community vitality is becoming more popular in political agendas and academic research, still there is a lack of consistent and scientifically-based definition of this concept and its research methodology. This article justifies the relevance of the urban community vitality for city development, reviews interpretations of the content of this concept from different sciences perspective and proposes an interdisciplinary definition. This article presents the initial results of a broader research, which aim was to create a methodology for identification and analysis of vitality of urban communities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.16.1.18010 ; Miestų vystymosi sėkmę lemia ne tik jų politinė ar ekonominė galia, išplėtota infrastruktūra ar palanki geografinė padėtis. Svarbiausias sėkmės veiksnys yra mieste gyvenantys žmonės ir jų gebėjimas bendradarbiaujant proaktyviai reaguoti į šiuolaikinių miestų vystymosi iššūkius. Demokratinėse visuomenėse miesto vietos bendruomenės yra pačios svarbiausios jo sandaros ląstelės sąlygojančios viso miesto gyvybę ir taip užtikrinančios tvarų ir darnų vystymąsi. Nors politinėse darbotvarkėse ir mokslininkų tyrimuose (miesto) bendruomenių gyvybingumo sąvoka vartojama vis intensyviau, tačiau pasigendama suderintos ir moksliškai pagrįstos šios koncepcijos turinio apibrėžties bei jos raiškos tyrimų metodologijos. Šiame straipsnyje pagrindžiamas miesto bendruomenės gyvybingumo aktualumas miesto vystymuisi, išryškinamos šios koncepcijos turinio interpretacijos skirtingų mokslų ...