Suchergebnisse

20 páginas, 5 tablas, 6 figuras, 1 apéndice.-- Proyecto Carbochange ; The Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) spills from the Mediterranean Sea (east North Atlantic basin) west off the Strait ofGibraltar.AsMOWoutflows, it entrains eastern NorthAtlantic CentralWaters (ENACW) and IntermediateWaters to formthe neutrally buoyantMediterraneanWater (MW) that can be traced over the entire NorthAtlantic basin. Its high salinity content influences the thermohaline properties of the intermediate– deepwater column in theNorthAtlantic and its dynamics.Here, the composition ofMWin its source region (the Gulf of Cádiz, west off Strait of Gibraltar) is investigated on the basis of an optimum multiparameter analysis. The results obtained indicate that mixing of MOW (34.1% 6 0.3%) occurs mainly with overlying ENACW (57.1% 6 0.8%) in a process broadly known as central water entrainment. A diluted form (80% of dilution) of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) reaches the region and also takes part in MW formation (8.3% 6 0.5%). Finally, the underlying Labrador Sea Water (LSW) also contributes (0.4%6 0.1%) to the characteristics ofMW. Fromthese results and considering 0.74 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv[ 106m3 s21) as themean outflow ofMOW, the MW exportation rate was inferred (2.2 Sv), which, decomposing MW, means that the MOW outflow is accompanied by 1.24 Sv of entrained ENACW, 0.18 Sv of AAIW, and ,0.01 Sv of LSW. ; The research was supported through the Seventh Framework Program (EU FP7 Project CARBOCHANGE, ''Changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate,'' C_ENVIR/0869). All the authors were funded by the Spanish Research Council (CSIC). The first author was also partly financed by the Regional Government of Galicia through a specific program for short stays abroad, cofounded by the European Social Fund (FSE) 2011–15 and now is being funded by the University of Vigo, through the Galician I2C Plan for postdoctoral research ; Peer reviewed

Relatamos una experiencia con adultos inquietos por aprender y/o mejorar como usuarios de ordenador. Buscamos combatir la info-exclusión, dinamizando la concientización sobre capacidades y confianza para continuar aprendiendo; sustentados en teorías del aprendizaje, papel de las emociones e implicaciones en el comportamiento social. Para ajustar el proceso; dando cuenta del impacto, elegimos el paradigma para el cambio. Intentamos desmitificar creencias populares en torno a barreras infranqueables sobre manejo de las TIC y acrecentar la autoestima e independencia frente a ellas. Los resultados superaron las expectativas y son producto de respetar estilos de aprender; alentando a probar, intercambiar ideas, copiar procedimientos y permitirse equivocaciones. Concluimos que la edad no diferencia los sentimientos que genera tanto mantenerse distante como decidir migrar hacia la digitalización; tampoco es barrera en dicho desplazamiento. Nuestro emprendimiento no fue costoso, es transferible y resulta imprescindible incrementar estas acciones; concienciando a la juventud para intervenir y enriquecerse mutuamente.

Los profesionales relacionados con los programas de Rentas Mínimas de Inserción se encuentran, en el marco de la normativa existente en las distintas Comunidades Autónomas, con el reto de articular intervenciones que, asociadas a la percepción económica de unos ingresos mínimos de garantía, supongan medidas de apoyo para lograr, desde criterios promocionales y con la participación activa de los sujetos beneficiarios de estas prestaciones, itinerarios de inserción sociolaboral. Por ello, se precisa sistematizar e intercambiar experiencias sobre los criterios, objetivos y aspectos múltiples relacionados con los procesos operativos dirigidos a dicho objetivo, que suele materializarse a través de proyectos individualizados, adaptados al diagnóstico de cada situación y a las características de cada contexto, sobre todo en el ámbito de actuación de la Red de Servicios Sociales Básicos o Generales. Este artículo pretende servir como elemento de reflexión y aportación de referencia, tanto conceptual como metodológica, en este sentido, facilitando algunos apuntes, basados en la experiencia e investigación, respecto de criterios metodológicos, procedimiento a seguir, elementos a considerar, coordinación necesaria, entre otros aspectos.

Título también en inglés ; Resumen basado en el de la publicación ; Resumen y palabras clave también en inglés y francés ; Estudio enmarcado en el Proyecto HISREDUC que recoge los resultados de una intervención en la asignatura Geografía e Historia de cuarto curso de la ESO en un IES de Valladolid durante el curso 2015-2016. Se pretende facilitar el desarrollo de dos dimensiones del pensamiento histórico, el uso de la evidencia y la percepción de la significatividad en un entorno digital mediante la plataforma Moodle como sistema de gestión del aprendizaje, un repositorio de recursos históricos basado en Omeka y dos cuestionarios de respuesta abierta. Durante siete sesiones, con una muestra de 41 estudiantes, se estudia la Transición española como contenido curricular. Las categorías de análisis fueron: contextualización y análisis de fuentes, cuestionamiento e interpretación, y pluralidad de visiones, en relación con el uso de la evidencia; identificación de la relevancia, relación pasado-presente y variabilidad temporal, sobre la significatividad histórica. La comparativa realizada entre el grado de progresión mostrado por los participantes antes y después de la intervención muestra un avance favorable tanto en relación con el uso de la evidencia histórica como en la comprensión de la significatividad histórica. Se concluye que la intervención didáctica utilizada en un entorno digital de aprendizaje ha reforzado y ayudado a desarrollar capacidades de pensamiento histórico, facilitando su aplicación en el análisis de la historia. ; ESP

Título, resumen y palabras clave también en inglés y francés ; Resumen basado en el de la publicación ; Estudio enmarcado en el Proyecto HISREDUC que recoge los resultados de una intervención en la asignatura Geografía e Historia de cuarto curso de la ESO en un IES de Valladolid durante el curso 2015-2016. Se pretende facilitar el desarrollo de dos dimensiones del pensamiento histórico, el uso de la evidencia y la percepción de la significatividad en un entorno digital mediante la plataforma Moodle como sistema de gestión del aprendizaje, un repositorio de recursos históricos basado en Omeka y dos cuestionarios de respuesta abierta. Durante siete sesiones, con una muestra de 41 estudiantes, se estudia la Transición española como contenido curricular. Las categorías de análisis fueron: contextualización y análisis de fuentes, cuestionamiento e interpretación, y pluralidad de visiones, en relación con el uso de la evidencia; identificación de la relevancia, relación pasado-presente y variabilidad temporal, sobre la significatividad histórica. La comparativa realizada entre el grado de progresión mostrado por los participantes antes y después de la intervención muestra un avance favorable tanto en relación con el uso de la evidencia histórica como en la comprensión de la significatividad histórica. Se concluye que la intervención didáctica utilizada en un entorno digital de aprendizaje ha reforzado y ayudado a desarrollar capacidades de pensamiento histórico, facilitando su aplicación en el análisis de la historia. ; ESP

Altered metabolism is a distinct feature of cancer cells. During transformation, the entire metabolic network is rewired to efficiently convert nutrients to biosynthetic precursors to sustain cancer cell growth and proliferation. Whilst the molecular underpinnings of this metabolic reprogramming have been described, its role in tumor progression is still under investigation. Importantly, the mitochondrion is a central actor in many of the metabolic processes that are altered in tumors. Yet, we have only begun to understand the dualities of mitochondrial function during cancer metastasis and therapy resistance. Paradoxically, mitochondrial metabolism can be both advantageous and detrimental to these processes, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the molecular and microenvironmental cues that define the role of this fascinating organelle. In this review article, we present an updated view on the different mitochondrial metabolic strategies adopted by cancer cells to overcome the many hurdles faced during tumor progression. ; he work of A.C. is supported by the Ramón y Cajal award, the Basque Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade (Etortek) and the Department of Education (IKERTALDE IT1106-16), ISCIII (PI10/01484, PI13/00031), FERO VIII Fellowship, the BBVA Foundation, the MINECO (SAF2016-79381-R), and the European Research Council Starting Grant (336343). The participation of A.C. and V.T. as part of CIBERONC was cofunded with FEDER funds. L.V-J. is supported by Basque Government of Education. V.T. is funded by Fundación Vasca de Innovación e Investigación Sanitarias, BIOEF (BIO15/CA/052), the AECC J.P. Bizkaia, and the Basque Department of Health (2016111109). E.G. and C.F. are supported by the Medical Research Council, core fund to the MRC Cancer Unit SKAG106.

[EN] Background: Mortality decreased in European Union (EU) countries during the last century. Despite these similar trends, there are still considerable differences in the levels of mortality between Eastern and Western European countries. Sub-group analysis of mortality in Europe for different age and sex groups is common, however to our knowledge a spatio-temporal methodology as in this study has not been applied to detect significant spatial dependence and interaction with time. Thus, the objective of this paper is to quantify the dynamics of mortality in Europe and detect significant clusters of mortality between European countries, applying spatio-temporal methodology. In addition, the joint evolution between the mortality of European countries and their neighbours over time was studied. Methods: The spatio-temporal methodology used in this study takes into account two factors: time and the geographical location of countries and, consequently, the neighbourhood relationships between them. This methodology was applied to 26 European countries for the period 1990-2012. Results: Principally, for people older than 64 years two significant clusters were obtained: one of high mortality formed by Eastern European countries and the other of low mortality composed of Western countries. In contrast, for ages below or equal to 64 years only the significant cluster of high mortality formed by Eastern European countries was observed. In addition, the joint evolution between the 26 European countries and their neighbours during the period 1990-2012 was confirmed. For this reason, it can be said that mortality in EU not only depends on differences in the health systems, which are a subject to national discretion, but also on supra-national developments. Conclusions: This paper proposes statistical tools which provide a clear framework for the successful implementation of development public policies to help the UE meet the challenge of rethinking its social model (Social Security and health care) and make it sustainable ...

The i2010 e-Government Action Plan from the European Union forces Public Administrations (national, regional and local) of all Member States that by 2010 to meet all administrative acts of the citizens through the Internet. This implies the need for mechanisms and systems to be able to unequivocally identify people on the Internet, together with a reliable system of interoperable electronic identification management (eIDM), in such a way that citizens, businesses and government departments (even in different Member States) can identify themselves and certify their transactions accurately, quickly and simply. However, despite the clear advantages that this entails for EU citizens, namely the fact that they possess a digital identity which allows them secure and identified access to the services offered by the various public administrations in Member States, the implementation of a solution of this kind involves a series of risks which, if they are not duly dealt with, may engender a reduction in the effectiveness of public institutions and citizens' trust in them. This article will analyse the problems associated with digital identity in the EU framework and the extent to which the solutions adopted to date meet the constitutional requirements, or fail to, highlighting aspects which may entail a risk or detriment to the freedoms of citizens and those relating to the handling of digital identity which have not yet been tackled but which, given their particular relevance, necessitate an immediate solution.

AbstractThe systemic shock of coronavirus (COVID‐19) and its impact on the global economy has been unprecedented with grocery shopper behaviour changing dramatically through various stages of the pandemic. COVID‐19 has caused unusual market conditions, with significant changes to grocery shopper behaviour that need to be understood to allow for appreciation of shopper behaviour change and retail planning implications during future systemic shocks. The aim of this study was therefore to understand grocery‐shopping behaviour during COVID‐19. Specific objectives were to investigate changes to grocery sale patterns by basket size, composition and category, as well as during specific time periods of the pandemic. The use of transaction data using a range of market basket indicators (e.g., value, size, product mix), revealed profound changes that indicate the challenge shoppers faced navigating a new 'normal grocery shop' and the pressure on retailers to analyse consumption changes in order to prioritise demand planning. While the use of this data and analysis approach is an important contribution to consumer behaviour research, our focus was on the bigger patterns observed through the data pertaining to changes in shopper behaviour during systemic shocks. A key contribution of this paper is how the use of transaction data from grocery retail provides a nuanced understanding of how grocery shoppers responded leading up to and during the pandemic. For example, we found that grocery shoppers purchased more than just 'daily staples' to stock‐up during the pandemic, with increased awareness of health and wellbeing an important aspect.

Purpose
This paper aims to present a methodology for analysing the extent to which students of a university degree perceive that they have received a good education for sustainable development (ESD). The methodology enables us to quantify this perception, which, in turn, allows us to determine: to what extent the objectives related to ESD are achieved in the degree, and to compare the learning in ESD perceived by students of different degrees. The methodology is applied to nine engineering degrees and nine education degrees in the Spanish university system.


Design/methodology/approach
ESD is analysed from the students' learning perception. This perception is measured by comparing the responses of first- and fourth-year students to a questionnaire about their sustainability competencies. Two indicators have been designed to analyse the results. The first indicator, learning increase, measures the declared learning difference between fourth- and first-year students. The second indicator, learning percentage, measure the amount of learning as reported by fourth-year students compared to how much they could have learned.


Findings
The results show that the average learning percentage perceived by students is higher in engineering degrees (33%) than in education degrees (27%), despite the fact that the average learning increase declared by students at the end of their studies in both areas of knowledge is similar (66%). Engineering students report having achieved higher learning than education students in all sustainability competencies, with the exception of ethics.


Originality/value
This paper analyses ESD from the student's perspective. Furthermore, to the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that compares the perception of ESD between engineering and education students. This comparison allows us to determine the different approaches that university Professors take to ESD according to the discipline they teach.

The Iberian Peninsula is a well-delimited geographic region with a rich and complex human history. However, the causes of its genetic structure and past migratory dynamics are not yet fully understood. In order to shed light on them, here we evaluated the gene flow and genetic structure throughout the Iberian Peninsula with spatially explicit modelling applied to a georeferenced genetic dataset composed of genome-wide SNPs from 746 individuals belonging to 17 different regions of the Peninsula. We found contrasting patterns of genetic structure throughout Iberia. In particular, we identified strong patterns of genetic differentiation caused by relevant barriers to gene flow in northern regions and, on the other hand, a large genetic similarity in central and southern regions. In addition, our results showed a preferential north to south migratory dynamics and suggest a sex-biased dispersal in Mediterranean and southern regions. The estimated genetic patterns did not fit with the geographical relief of the Iberian landscape and they rather seem to follow political and linguistic territorial boundaries.

The Iberian Peninsula is a well-delimited geographic region with a rich and complex human history. However, the causes of its genetic structure and past migratory dynamics are not yet fully understood. In order to shed light on them, here we evaluated the gene flow and genetic structure throughout the Iberian Peninsula with spatially explicit modelling applied to a georeferenced genetic dataset composed of genome-wide SNPs from 746 individuals belonging to 17 different regions of the Peninsula. We found contrasting patterns of genetic structure throughout Iberia. In particular, we identified strong patterns of genetic differentiation caused by relevant barriers to gene flow in northern regions and, on the other hand, a large genetic similarity in central and southern regions. In addition, our results showed a preferential north to south migratory dynamics and suggest a sex-biased dispersal in Mediterranean and southern regions. The estimated genetic patterns did not fit with the geographical relief of the Iberian landscape and they rather seem to follow political and linguistic territorial boundaries. ; IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by FCT in the framework of the project "Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences" (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274). J.P. and A.M.L. are funded by the Portuguese Government through the FCT fellowship SFRH/BD/97200/2013 and the research contract IF/01262/2014, respectively. M.A. was supported by the "Ramón y Cajal" grant RYC-2015-18241 from the Spanish Government. D.C. was supported by the Spanish grant CGL2016-75389-P (AEI, MINEICO/FEDER, UE), and "Unidad María de Maeztu" funded by the MINECO (MDM-2014-0370).

While traditional forensic genetics has been oriented towards using human DNA in criminal investigation and civil court cases, it currently presents a much wider application range, including not only legal situations sensu stricto but also and, increasingly often, to preemptively avoid judicial processes. Despite some difficulties, current forensic genetics is progressively incorporating the analysis of nonhuman genetic material to a greater extent. The analysis of this material—including other animal species, plants, or microorganisms—is now broadly used, providing ancillary evidence in criminalistics in cases such as animal attacks, trafficking of species, bioterrorism and biocrimes, and identification of fraudulent food composition, among many others. Here, we explore how nonhuman forensic genetics is being revolutionized by the increasing variety of genetic markers, the establishment of faster, less error-burdened and cheaper sequencing technologies, and the emergence and improvement of models, methods, and bioinformatics facilities. ; MA, FP, MO, NP, AML and VG are supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), European RegionalDevelopment Fund (ERDF) and Programa Operacional Potencial Humano,through the grants IF/00955/2014, IF/01356/2012, SFRH/BPD/66071/2009, SFRH/BPD/97414/2013, IF/01262/2014 and SFRH/BPD/76207/2011, respectively. MA was also supported by the "Ramón y Cajal" grant RYC-2015-18241 from the Spanish Government. IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by FCT. The funders had no role in the preparation of the article.