Suchergebnisse

The United Kingdom Government has committed to getting rid of disposable packaging by 2042 and move towards having zero plastic ending up in landfill, rivers, beaches and oceans. Despite an increase in understanding of attitudes towards recycling, and significant efforts by Local Governments and charities to raise awareness and educate householders, approximately 60% of plastic waste is not being separated for recycling in Northern Ireland. At an individual level, considerable knowledge deficits still exist, as do situational, psychological, and socio-economic barriers. While we understand what may predict positive attitudes towards recycling, little is appreciated about the point at which the decision making process around recycling falters, or becomes flawed, resulting in a lack of recycling behaviour or the contamination of recyclate. This research thus aimed to provide greater clarity on the complex psychological, pragmatic, and social factors influencing plastic recycling behaviour. In-depth qualitative interviews were used to analyse consumer understandings of what may motivate them to recycle; their own capabilities; and the recycling opportunities available to them, (the 'COM-B' system: Michie et al.,2011; Gainforth et al., 2016). Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 consumer and 12 Stakeholders to explore individual, pragmatic and social barriers to plastic recycling behaviour. The interviews lasted between 30 and 45 minutes and were audio recorded and transcribed. The analysis combined a phenomenological approach (Smith, 1996) with a semi-directed content analysis approach (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) allowing the researchers to consider the findings within the context of the COM-B framework and other relevant theoretical frameworks, while also having a degree of flexibility to make sense of and offer interpretations of all the data. Any overarching topics identified will serve to provide a sound representation of the findings (Braun & Clarke, 2006). These include; public awareness and consciousness about the plastic waste problem is increasing; shopping behaviours are automated and little thought is given to food packaging at the time of purchase; uncertainly and confusion about disposal of plastic waste leads to cognitive dissonance; and the public expect their efforts to recycle to be reciprocated by local recycling companies; by making it easy and simple to do. More efforts are needed to provide householders with simple, clear, consistent information so that correct recycling becomes routine and habitual. Food packaging design needs to be simpler, and the whole package should be clearly marked in an unambiguous way indicating that the item recyclable. If food packaging is split up into different components, the advice on the packing needs to provide advice about every part and if each one can be recycled. Consumers want decision making to be kept to a minimum, otherwise confusion can lead to annoyance and valuable recyclate will continue to end up in the general waste. New insights acquired will lead to a series of recommendations for appropriate behaviour change strategies that encourage the reuse, reduction and recycling of plastics, and help tackle the plastic waste problem. An important innovative component of our research project is that the research findings will be shared directly with the Queens University Belfast Polymer Processing Research Centre (PPRC) design team affiliated with the ACCEPT Transitions project. Eventually the findings will be used to create plastic products that are more likely to be recycled, based on feedback obtained from consumers.

For the KWALON 2010 conference, several software representatives were given a common data set consisting of text and media files about the financial crisis of 2008 – 2009. This paper focuses on the process of analyzing the media files in this data set using Transana, a software package designed for the transcription and qualitative analysis of video and audio data. The authors describe several styles of transcription used in the process of making sense of the data, the selection and coding of analytically interesting segments of the media files, and working with coded data to develop a coherent narrative from this data. They also describe their collaborative process, as facilitated by the software, and how that affected the analysis of the data. Finally, the authors describe the results of their analysis in terms of the multi-layered narrative of the data, and discuss the limitations of that analysis.

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse komplexer multi-medialer Daten und verdeutlicht dabei aktuelle Entwicklungen bei der Nutzung qualitative Software für diese Prozesse. Als Daten wurden hierfür multiple simultane Video- und Audiodateien hinzugezogen. Es zeigte sich, dass multiple simultane Transkripte wichtig sind, um mit diesen sehr spezifischen Datensorten zu arbeiten. Die skizzierten Erhebungs- und Analysetechniken statten Forschende mit enormen Zugangsmöglichkeiten auch zu großen multimedialen Datenmengen aus, aber sie sollten in diesen besonderen analytischen Settings über grundlegende Fertigkeiten der Handhabung, Analyse und des Verstehens dieser sehr komplexen Daten verfügen, die Ereignisse aus der realen Welt einzufangen versuchen.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2 and MMPI-A) was administered to 60 subjects who stutter (SWS) and to 60 matched subjects who do not stutter (SWNS). Computer scored results indicate a statistically significant (p = .017) greater average tendency toward
psychosocial-emotional disorder in SWS than in SWNS. Also, mean T-scores in 24 of the 93 scales/subscales assessed were statistically significantly higher for SWS than for SWNS, especially in personality characteristics related to schizophrenia, depression, healthy concerns-somatic
complaints, psychasthenia, anxiety-fearfulness, and self-doubt/selfdepreciation. Overall, these findings tend to support the tendency toward psychopathology (TTP) pole of the etiologic bipolar stuttering threshold hypothesis (Treon, 1995, 2002). In accord with this hypothesis, average
MMPI-2/A T-scores for SWS were within the normal range of psychosocial-emotional functioning.

This study compared the relative utility of fixed and variable risk factors in discriminating between recidivist and nonrecidivist sexual offenders. Subjects were 95 adult male offenders released from the Canadian federal correctional system between 1988 and 1992. Risk factors from the Sexual Violence Risk-20 (SVR-20; D. P. Boer, S. D. Hart, P. R. Kropp, & C. D. Webster, 1997) were coded from prerelease institutional records; sexual and nonsexual violent recidivism was coded from postrelease police and correctional records. SVR-20 risk factors were categorized as fixed (static) or variable (dynamic) markers according to the criteria of H. C. Kraemer et al. (1997); the fixed risk markers were further divided into offense history and psychosocial factors. Hierarchical Cox regression survival analyses were conducted to compare the relative contribution of fixed offense history, fixed psychosocial, and variable psychosocial risk markers in accounting for any violent recidivism and sexually violent recidivism. Analyses indicated that fixed psychosocial factors added little to the models comprised fixed offense history factors alone. There was some evidence that variable psychosocial factors had incremental validity when added to predictions made on the basis of fixed factors, particularly in the prediction of sexual violence. The individual factors that were included in the final models are consistent with previous findings, and support the use of sexual deviance and antisocial lifestyle variables in the prediction of recidivism among sexual offenders.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword / Lewis, Philip E. -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction / Walker, Henry A. / Moen, Phyllis / Dempster-McCiain, Donna -- Part One: Diversity And Inequality -- 1. Durable Inequality / Tilly, Charles -- 2. Two Visions of the Relationship between Individual and Society: The Bell Curve versus Social Structure and Personality / Kohn, Melvin L. -- 3. Two Faces of Diversity: Recreating the Stranger Next Door? / Walker, Henry A. -- 4. Gender, Sexuality, and Inequality: When Many Become One, Who Is the One and What Happens to the Others? / Bern, Sandra Lipsitz -- Part Two: The New Demography Of Durable Inequality -- 5. The State of the American Dream: Race and Ethnic Socioeconomic Inequality in the United States, 1970-90 / Hirschman, Charles / Snipp, C. Matthew -- 6. Strangers Next Door: Immigrant Groups and Suburbs in Los Angeles and New York / Alba, Richard / Logan, John / Zhang, Wenquan / Stults, Brian J. -- 7. Jobless Poverty: A New Form of Social Dislocation in the Inner-City Ghetto / Wilson, William Julius -- 8. Persisting Inequality between Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan America: Implications for Theory and Policy / Brown, David L. / Lee, Marlene A. -- Part Three: Durable Inequality In American Institutions -- Education -- 9. Do Historically Black Colleges and Universities Enhance the College Attendance of African American Youths? / Ehrenberg, Ronald G. / Rothstein, Donna S. / Olsen, Robert B. -- Military -- 10. Overcoming Race:Army Lessons for American Society / Moskos, Charles / Butler, John Sibley -- 11. War's Legacy in Men's Lives / Elder, Glen H. / Chan, Christopher -- Religion -- 12. Diversity and Consensus: What Part Does Religion Play? / Yinger, J. Milton -- Family -- 13. Diversity in American Families / Treas, Judith -- Mass Media -- 14. Television And Diversity:The Quantum Leap Model / Gibbs, James Lowell -- Part Four:Afterword -- 15. The Reduction of Intergroup Tensions / Williams, Robin M. / Rose, Peter I. -- 16. Long Time Passing: Race, Prejudice, and the Reduction of Intergroup Tensions / Rose, Peter I. -- Bibliography -- Contributors -- Index

This book provides a useful overview of the latest research into the interaction between psychology and the courts. Leading scholars and practitioners review recent research and practice in a number of principal areas:* adolescents in the legal system* the role of juries* competency to stand trial* conditional release* eyewitness evidence and testimony* the role of the victims