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Although considerable research has addressed the impact of various factors on mail survey response rate, relatively little has focussed on survey sponsorship and none has investigated the manner in which respondent anonymity is assured. In addition, little of what research has been done has included the criterion of response speed or has related to a business population. The results of this study, undertaken with a business audience, suggests that survey sponsorship does influence return of a questionnaire and that gains in response might be obtained by doubly assuring potential respondents of their anonymity.

Background: Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPE) can affect people with no underlying health problems,but may be life threatening and is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence on SIPE incidence, prevalence, risk factors, short- and long-term outcomes, recurrence and effectiveness of interventions to prevent recurrences. Methods: We carried out a literature search using bibliographic databases and reference lists. Risk of bias was assessed by adapting existing quality assessment tools including those developed by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative synthesis was not possible because of study heterogeneity. Five studies, which differed from each other in case definition, swimming environment, population characteristics and denominators, reported an incidence of 0.01% of UK triathlons raced over 5 years in unspecified swimming environments(one study, not fully reported, of men and women of unspecified age); 0.5% of river races swum over 3 days in Sweden(one study,of men and women up to the age of 70);and 1.8–26.7% of time trials in the sea around Israel (three studies of male teenage military trainees). One study reported that 1.4% of triathletes in the USA had experienced SIPE. One study found that hypertension, female sex, fish oil use, long course distance and another lower initial lung volumes and flows were risk factors for SIPE. A third study reported that higher mean pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary artery wedge pressures, and lower tidal volumes were associated with SIPE. Three studies suggested that SIPE symptoms usually resolve within 24 h, although a restrictive deficit in lung function persisted for a week in one small study. We found no studies that reported deaths from SIPE. The single small study of longer-term outcomes reported no difference between affected and unaffected swimmers. Two studies suggested that around 30% of people report recurrences of SIPE. Two very small uncontrolled studies of the effect of sildenafil for recurrence prevention were inconclusive. Conclusions: SIPE may be an important public health problem affecting the growing number of recreational open water swimmers. Further research should clarify the frequency of SIPE among recreational open water swimmers, confirm reported risk factors and explore others, explore long-term consequences and test interventions to prevent recurrences

One characteristic of the computer and communication industry is the speed with which innovation and change occur. This volatility poses special problems for the researcher involved in human factors issues in this field. A case study is reported in this paper that describes the application of cost-effective simulated trials in product design and product enhancement. A subsequent study, using more conventional research methods, is described that assessed the replicability of simulations. The results from these studies lead to the conclusion that simulated user trials are both a useful source of preliminary data to guide further evaluation and may also constitute an effective and economically viable method of providing direct input to the product development process. The procedures described offer options to human factors specialists in the computer and telecommunications industries.

1 sheet ([1] p.) ; Signed: October 26, 1764. John Dickinson [and nine others]. ; Ascribed to the press of William Bradford by Bristol. ; Text in two columns.

vii, [1], 127, [1] p. ; 22 cm. (8vo) ; Attributed to John Dickinson in the Dictionary of American biography. ; "Two states of signatures K-M noted, may be distinguished by catchwords on p. 81, 'stature' and 'ture.'"--Adams. ; "Errata." and "Appendix."--p. [128].

No. 1. The frozen drop of water; The wisp of cotton; The gold dollar. The rights and wrongs of the South. -- No. 2. The political cyclone; The "irrepressible" nigger; King Stork and the frogs. The durability of the Confederacy of States. -- The light house; The waves; The rocks. The fate of cormorants and gulls. ; Allen, R.R. Tennessee, ; Mode of access: Internet. ; will digitize ; The online edition of this book in the public domain, i.e., not protected by copyright, has been produced by the Emory University Libraries

The "Writings" as planned were to appear in 3 volumes. ; Half-title: "Publications of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Life and writings of John Dickinson. vol. II." vol. I being "The life and times of John Dickinson, 1732-1808 . Prepared by Charles J. Stillé . 1891." (Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. vol. XIII) ; The late regulations respecting the British colonies considered, December 7, 1765 -- An address to the Committee of Correspondence in Barbados, 1766 -- Letters of a farmer in Pennsylvania, 1768 -- An address read at a meeting of merchants to consider non-importation, April 25, 1768 -- A song for American freedom, July, 1768 -- Letter to the Philadelphia merchants concerning non-importation, July, 1768 -- A petition from the Assembly of Pennsylvania to the king, March 9, 1771 -- Two letters on the Tea Tax, November, 1773 -- Letters to the inhabitants of the British Colonies, May, 1774. ; Speech on a petition for a change of government of the colony of Pennsylvania, May 24, 1764 -- A protest against a resolution of the Assembly of Pennsylvania for petitioning the king to change the colony of Pennsylvania from a proprietary to a royal government, May 28, 1764 -- A petition to the king from the inhabitants of Pennsylvania, July, 1764 -- A reply to the speech of Joseph Galloway, September 4, 1764 -- An answer to Joseph Galloway, September 29, 1764 -- A receipt to make a speech, October, 1764 -- A protest against the appointment of Benjamin Franklin as agent for the colony of Pennsylvania, October 26, 1764 -- Observations on Mr. Franklin's remarks on a late protest, November, 1764 -- Resolutions adopted by the Assembly of Pennsylvania relative to the Stamp Act, September 21, 1765 -- The Declaration of Rights adopted by the Stamp Act Congress, October 19, 1765 -- A petition to the king from the Stamp Act Congress, October 19, 1765 -- An address to the "friends and countrymen" on the Stamp Act, November, 1765 -- ; Photocopy ; Mode of access: Internet.