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El artículo constituye una referencia circunstanciada del contexto político de la Argentina en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2003-2015 y cómo las distintas leyes dictadas por el Congreso de la Nación permitieron la utilización impropia de la figura de los jueces subrogantes. Para ello, se citan precedentes de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación sobre el tópico, efectuándose un comentario de lo que fue el último pronunciamiento judicial que puso fin a dicha problemática. ; The article is a circumscribed reference to the political context of Argentina in the period between 2003-2015, and how the various laws enacted by the National Congress, led to the improper use of the figure of the subrogate judges. To do this, we cited precedents of the National Supreme Court of Justice on the topic, carrying out a review of what was the last court ruling that ended this problem. ; Sección: Derecho Público Provincial y Municipal. ; Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

Las temáticas de planificación territorial para el desarrollo y la resolución democrática de los conflictos por usos y formas de ocupación del territorio son importantes en un país donde existen grandes desequilibrios territoriales que se expresan en desigualdades en las condiciones económicas, sociales, culturales y ambientales de los habitantes. El propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados de dos experiencias de planificación territorial que buscan realizar prácticas novedosas en los municipios de Santa Tecla y Apopa. Para ambos casos, se presentan las capacidades desplegadas por los actores en la región, al momento de elaborar e implementar los planes de ordenamiento y desarrollo territorial. También se muestran los resultados y factores que limitan o potencian el despliegue de dichas capacidades.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 70, No. 743, 2015: 505-517.

AbstractThis article outlines the factors that explain changes in the rules of the game in Chile after the restoration of democracy in 1990. It looks particularly at the reasons why the right-wing parties—strong defenders of the constitution imposed by General Augusto Pinochet in 1980—accepted reforms that eliminated many of what the literature has termed authoritarian enclaves. The article explains this shift by observing significant changes in the political context that, in turn, affected the priorities of veto players. In this context, short-term strategic calculations by the right-wing parties, aiming to achieve a new balance of power less detrimental to their interests, opened a window of opportunity that led to congressional approval of important reforms. Particular institutional features of the Chilean political system—party discipline and a balance of power in favor of the executive—also helped the political actors to reach agreement.

The research presented in this thesis investigates the effect the data collection process has on the results of the economic analysis in pavement management systems. The incorporation of pavement management systems into software packages has enabled local governments to easily implement and maintain an asset management plan. However a general standard has yet to be set, enabling local governments to select from several methods of data collection. In this research, two pavement management system software packages with different data collection methods are analyzed on the common estimated recommended M&R cost provided by their respective economic analysis. The Transportation Asset Management Software (TAMS) software package developed by the Utah LTAP Center at Utah State University consists of a data collection process composed of nine asphalt pavement distress observations. The Micro PAVERTM software package developed by the Army Corps of Engineers consists of a data collection process composed of 20 asphalt pavement distress observations. A Latin-hypercube sample set was input into each software package, as well as actual local government pavement condition data for the City of Smithfield, Utah and the City of Tremonton, Utah. This resulted in six total data sets for analysis, three entered and analyzed in TAMS and three entered and analyzed in Micro PAVERTM. These sample sets were then statistically modeled to determine the effect each distress variable had on the response produced by the economic analysis of estimated recommended M&R costs. Due to the different methodologies of pavement condition data collection, two different statistical approaches were utilized during the sensitivity analysis. The TAMS data sets consisted of a general linear regression model, while the Micro PAVERTM data sets consisted of an analysis of covariance model. It was determined that each data set had varying results in terms of sensitive pavement distresses; however the common sensitive distress in all of the data sets was that of alligator cracking/fatigue. This research also investigates the possibility of utilizing statistically produced models as a direct cost estimator given pavement condition data.

It is a widespread opinion that toleration, as a political practice, has merely instrumental value. The aim of this paper is to defend, on the contrary, that toleration has political value in itself. In more specific terms, I will claim that it is valuable in itself in virtue of its intrinsic relationship with democracy. Toleration is a constituent of democracy inasmuch as it is necessary for the existence of a democratic administration of political power. I will show that that relation of constitution holds because toleration, through the protection of spaces of contestation to the political power, contributes to solving democracy's inner tension resulting from its practical implementation.Keywords: toleration, democracy, power, intrinsic value. ; Es una opinión extendida que la tolerancia, en cuanto práctica política, tiene valor meramente instrumental. El objetivo de este artículo es defender, por el contrario, que ella tiene valor político en sí. Específicamente, defenderé que es valiosa en sí misma a causa de su relación intrínseca con la democracia. La tolerancia es un constituyente de la democracia en cuanto es necesaria para que pueda existir una administración democrática del poder político. Mostraré que esa relación de constitución existe porque la tolerancia, mediante la protección de espacios de contestación al poder político, contribuye a la resolución de una tensión interna de la democracia en su implementación práctica.Palabras clave: tolerancia, democracia, poder, valor intrínseco.