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Main description: Der vorliegende Band enthält eine Auswahl von Beiträgen der Tagung des Ausschusses "Evolutorische Ökonomik" des Jahres 2001 auf Schloss Wartensee bei St. Gallen. Die Tagung stand unter dem Generalthema "Evolutorische Wirtschaftspolitik" und markierte das zehnjährige Bestehen des Ausschusses. Die Beiträge des Bandes kreisen um drei thematische Schwerpunkte. Gerhard Wegner, Stefan Okruch und Wolfgang Kerber diskutieren in ihren Beiträgen die komplexen Fragen einer allgemeinen Grundlegung einer evolutorischen Wirtschaftspolitik. Ernst Helmstädter, Hermann Schnabl sowie Hariolf Grupp, Icíar Dominguez Lacasa und Monika Friedrich-Nishio leisten in ihren Arbeiten einen spezifischen Beitrag zur wissens- und informationstheoretischen Fundierung einer evolutorischen Wirtschaftspolitik. In einem dritten Schwerpunkt schliesslich behandeln Matthias Klaes und Tilman Slembeck ausgewählte Kapitel einer evolutorischen Wirtschaftspolitik. Das Vorwort des Herausgebers enthält eine Zusammenfassung der einzelnen Beiträge.

High unemployment rates in the period of an internationalization of economies and an intensified technological competition are the main problems that exist in most EU countries. Taking stock of unemployment patterns, technological trends and employment opportunities in the EU and the US is crucial for the reform debate in Europe. In continental Europe, major problems are an insufficient creation of new firms in innovative technology fields, inadequate labor market developments and inconsistent R&D policies. Founded on new data evaluations, the book presents an innovative analysis of these topics and shows opportunities for reforms

Dietmar Harhoff, LMU und Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation, sieht Handlungsbedarf bei der Innovationsfinanzierung und im Wissens- und Technologietransfer. Da Deutschland zu sehr auf inkrementelle und zu wenig auf radikale Innovationen setze, sollte das Steuersystem "eigenkapital- und innovationsfreundlicher" und die Rahmenbedingungen für Wagniskapitalgeber verbessert werden. Im Bereich Technologietransfer sollte die Unterstützung von Public Private Partnerships ausgebaut, die Handhabung des Neuheitsschutzes im Patentrecht verbessert und die Beteiligung von Hochschulen an Ausgründungen erleichtert werden. Auch in der Innovationspolitik werde deutlich, dass der Staat durch bessere Rahmenbedingungen für Gründungen und radikale Neuerungen viel dazu beitragen könne, die langfristigen Wachstumsaussichten zu verbessern.

In the new global economy, more countries have opened up to international competition and rapid capital flows. However, in the triad the process of globalization is rather asymmetric. With a rising role of multinational companies there are favorable prospects for higher global growth and economic catching-up, respectively. Theoretical analysis suggests key ingredients of sustained growth, but there is also a new concept of a long-term equilibrium income gap in which convergence is rather unlikely. The analysis also picks up European and US labor market issues in the context of economic globalization and raises the question of which EU policies in the field of labor market reform and of innovation policies are adequate

Differing national R and D policies and distinct regulations and market structures in the telecommunications sector have created R and D systems that look quite different from each other. This in the past was sustainable because of the relatively isolated situation of each national market. Liberalisation of the telecommunications markets, however, brings pressure on the old national divisions of labour in R and D. In all countries the government is - directly - involved in the telecommunications R and D System. In the USA, France and the UK, the governments finance R and D for communications equipment for military use which may have spill-over effects to equipment for civil use. In Germany, Japan and the UK, the government finances R and D programs directly oriented towards civil telecommunications. Overall, the shares of civil government money for telecommunications R and D is relatively small in all countries. Carriers havea particularly strong influence on R and D in France, the USA and Japan. It is relatively weak in Germany. Due to different R and D policies of the national carriers equipment manufacturers have to bear very different R and D costs. As long as the national equipment markets were closed this had no consequences. Carriers which did not financed R and D directly had to pay for it (indirectly) with the price of the equipment. The liberalization of the carriers equipment markets changes the situation and the distinct R and D systems become a problem for fair competition in the equipment market. Some harmonization of R and D financing will be precondition for any further liberalization of the carriers equipment market in the European Community.