Suchergebnisse

Contemporary societies risk inequality, disintegration and segregation due to a complex array of social, economic and political changes that have been occurring over the last few decades. These changes include the loss of shared values, changes in how individuals interact and get together, and new practices relating to participation and decision-making. In parallel to the evolution of contemporary societies, a complex array of changes are transforming the physical environment where these societies live and work. These changes are affecting especially the disciplines that plan, design and transform the physical environment. New processes of transformation, new ways of interaction, new types of projects and new professional roles are deeply transforming the working environment of architectural disciplines. While these changes offer new opportunities for innovation, they also threaten to generate division in diverse and complex societies. Within this context, universities have the opportunity to expand their social responsibility by affirming that teaching and research can contribute to redressing social inequality, disintegration and segregation. This can be achieved through action, exploring new ways of relating universities to their social context by working with real projects and real people, establishing links between academia and practice.

Citizen initiatives bloom, aiming to manage alternatively public resources in Europe's major cities, leads to reconsider the way to manage public policies. We are talking about a series of bottom-up initiatives that have completely changed the traditional way to manage cities, based until now on the traditional top-down approach. Lately, as a result of these initiatives, many governments are designing new urban development policies that involve citizens in the new management and design of the city and public spaces. These "new policies", as well as scarcity of resources and capabilities to face as old as new challenges, seek to find alternative ways of managing public issues. It is the case of citizen consultation on investment by neighborhoods developed by the Valencia City Council. This paper aims to analyze problems of implementation this public policy has to face, as well as its positive and negative impacts, through an analysis of all phases of the citizen consultation process. ; La aparición y proliferación de iniciativas ciudadanas que tienen como objetivo gestionar de forma distinta los recursos públicos en muchas de las grandes capitales de Europa, hace plantearse en qué estado se encuentran las políticas públicas y sobre todo su gestión. Estamos hablando de una serie de iniciativas surgidas de abajo-arriba que han cambiado la forma tradicional de gestionar la ciudad basada en el tradicional enfoque administrativista de arriba-abajo. Recientemente muchos gobiernos, como consecuencia de estas iniciativas, y de la carencia de recursos y capacidades con los que poder afrontar viejos y nuevos retos, están diseñando nuevas políticas de desarrollo urbano que impliquen más al ciudadano en la gestión y diseño de la ciudad y de su espacio público. Estas «nuevas políticas» pretenden buscar formas alternativas de gestionar los recursos públicos. Es el caso de la consulta ciudadana de inversión por barrios que ha desarrollado el Ayuntamiento de Valencia. Este artículo, a partir del análisis de todas las fases del proceso de consulta ciudadana, hace balance de los problemas de implementación a los que se ha enfrentado y de sus impactos.

El último cambio de gobierno en la ciudad de Valencia se ha traducido en nuevos enfoques y prácticas para planificar la ciudad, en una reformulación de la política urbanística en sintonía con las demandas ciudadanas de construcción del espacio colectivo. La ciudad apuesta, por un lado, por unos presupuestos participativos para cada barrio de la ciudad como unidad de actuación. Por otro, por una revisión de la ordenación pormenorizada y no tanto por la estructurante, al disponer de mucho suelo urbanizable sin desarrollar. Ello está dando lugar a un proceso de revisión de usos, incluso de desclasificación, y a poner el foco en una mejor dotación de servicios y en la rehabilitación urbana. Así, la planificación comunitaria, que busca la calidad de vida en la ciudad, desde una perspectiva integral, parece haber llegado, súbitamente, dados los excesos y sobredotaciones del viejo urbanismo. Presupuestos participativos y nueva ordenación pormenorizada se llevan a cabo en los barrios desde departamentos del gobierno local diferentes. Ello plantea el reto de la coordinación y coherencia de las actuaciones, clave para que esta nueva planificación comunitaria arraigue. En el texto se abordan y analizan estos procesos y valora la situación resultante. ; The latest change of government in the city of Valencia has leaded in new approaches and practices for planning the city, in a reformulation of the urban policy in line with the citizen demands for the construction of the collective space. On the one hand, the city promotes participatory budgets for each neighborhood of the city as a unit of action. On the other hand, it promotes a review of the detailed planning instead of the structuring one since there is enough developable land. This is leading to a process of revision of uses, even de-classification, as well as to change the focus on a better provision of services and urban rehabilitation. Thus, community planning, which seeks the quality of life in the city, from an integral perspective, seems to have suddenly started given the excesses and overloads of the old urbanism. Participatory budgets and new detailed land-use planning are carried out in neighborhoods from different local government departments. This raises the challenge of coordination and coherence of the actions that are key for this new community planning to take root. This work addresses and analyzes these processes, and assesses the resulting situation. ; Fil: Lloret Gual, Pilar. Universidad de Valencia ; Fil: Farinós Dasí, Joaquín. Universidad de Valencia

The aim of this article is to determine whether the process of memorizing a tactile map key, or legend, can be improved by including three-dimensional (3D) symbols produced by means of 3D Printing. The method used in this study involved asking a group of 20 volunteers with different profiles to memorize eight tactile symbols from two keys, each of which had different characteristics: Key 2 included 3D tactile symbols and Key 1 had only two-dimensional (2D) tactile symbols. Results show statistically significant differences between the two keys. Use of Key 2 yielded a 48.72% reduction in the number of errors compared to Key 1 ( N = 20, p-value = .014). These data show that combining 3D with flat relief symbols (2D) improves the process of memorizing a tactile key because the 3D attributes can be distinguished from the 2D features by touch. For practitioners, this article provides data about the possibilities of 3D Printing applied to tactile maps, keys, and symbols.

El delito político comprende un conjunto de conductas que amenazan la existencia del ordenamiento jurídico vigente y las instituciones que representan al Estado y cuyos autores se encuentran motivados por fines altruistas. El tratamiento benévolo que se le ha dado al momento de sancionar o castigar esta clase de conducta, contrasta con la ausencia de claridad en torno a los móviles que lo inspiran y que permiten separarlo de otras formas, tales como el crimen anarquista o los autoritarios. En un conflicto como el colombiano, las prácticas distorsionadas de sus actores determinan comportamiento más de este orden que de verdaderos delitos políticos teniendo en cuenta la carencia de una ideología que permita entrever en estos, móviles nobles, altruistas, humanitarios o progresistas. Abstract Political crime refers to a set of behaviors menacing the existence of the juridical order in force and the institutions representing the state, and whose authors are motivated by altruist purposes. The benevolent treatment given to these crimes, at the momento of sanctioning or punishing this type of behavior makes contrasts with the lack of clarity on the motifs which inspire them and which allow us to separate them from other forms of crime, such as anarchist or authoritarian crime. In a situation of conflict, such as Colombia's case, the distorted practices of its actors determine a behavior belonging more to this kind of crime, tan to real political crimes, having into account the lack of an ideology which would allow us to see noble, altruistic, humanitarian or progressive motifs.