Suchergebnisse

The current study explored the practices of educational managers to increase teachers' enthusiasm for the achievement of desired results in work because educational managers and teachers are the important part of educational institutions and without their roles the academic performance cannot be achieved. The present study sought to analyse academic behaviour, personal behaviour, incentives, and contribution of educational managers for the institutional development through teachers' enthusiasm. It was a descriptive and co-relational study and the data were analysed through descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression. A questionnaire was used as a tool of the study which was validated by sending to the panel of experts and the reliability of the instrument was tested on Cronbach's alpha and Factor analysis. The population of the study was 279 educational managers and 3617 teachers while the sample of the study was 279 (100%) educational managers and 361 (10%) teachers. The sampling was made on census and simple random sampling. The findings of the study revealed that educational managers' practices towards teachers had weak correlation in motivation, boosting up morale, appreciation, task equal distribution, minimising communication gap, pointing out deficiencies in isolation, respect for teachers, cooperation, realising inner feelings, good conduct of behaviour, creating tension free and relaxed environment, sharing professional knowledge, introducing latest teaching techniques, making teachers energetic and efficient, promoting collegial and cooperative culture, formulating comprehensive school policy, acknowledgement of work contribution, and intervention in the staff duties. It is recommended for the educational managers to promote teachers' enthusiasm for the achievement of the desired result by enhancing motivation, democratic way of dealing, cooperation, and acknowledgement of their work.

The current study explored the practices of educational managers to increase teachers' enthusiasm for the achievement of desired results in work because educational managers and teachers are the important part of educational institutions and without their roles the academic performance cannot be achieved. The present study sought to analyse academic behaviour, personal behaviour, incentives, and contribution of educational managers for the institutional development through teachers' enthusiasm. It was a descriptive and co-relational study and the data were analysed through descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression. A questionnaire was used as a tool of the study which was validated by sending to the panel of experts and the reliability of the instrument was tested on Cronbach's alpha and Factor analysis. The population of the study was 279 educational managers and 3617 teachers while the sample of the study was 279 (100%) educational managers and 361 (10%) teachers. The sampling was made on census and simple random sampling. The findings of the study revealed that educational managers' practices towards teachers had weak correlation in motivation, boosting up morale, appreciation, task equal distribution, minimising communication gap, pointing out deficiencies in isolation, respect for teachers, cooperation, realising inner feelings, good conduct of behaviour, creating tension free and relaxed environment, sharing professional knowledge, introducing latest teaching techniques, making teachers energetic and efficient, promoting collegial and cooperative culture, formulating comprehensive school policy, acknowledgement of work contribution, and intervention in the staff duties. It is recommended for the educational managers to promote teachers' enthusiasm for the achievement of the desired result by enhancing motivation, democratic way of dealing, cooperation, and acknowledgement of their work.

The existence of rice farming can be generally classified into two-category, namely rice farming for breeding and rice farming for consumption. This article aims at: (1) identifying and describing the rice farming; (2) analyzing the feasibility of rice farming for breeding and consumption; and (3) formulating the development policy of rice farming for breeding and consumption in the locale of the study (Central Sulawesi province). The research result shows that the extent of feasibility of rice farming for breeding (RCR=1.80) was higher than that of rice farming for consumption (RCR=1.67). Even though the rice farming for breeding was prospective, the sustainability of this rice farming activity would be depended upon demand from farmers and other users, the existing government program, and financial investment capacity of rice farmer breeders. Hence, assuring the demand and providing the favorable price of rice seeds are two important aspects supporting the continuity of rice farming for breeding includes rice farming for consumption in the province of Central Sulawesi.

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The study is aimed at the investigation of trade implications for Pakistan in the milieu of European Union enlargement from EU15 onward. By doing so, it intends to trace out the place of Pakistan in the EU market in comparison to its competitors; EU's major trading partners. The examination lends support to the view that - though the EU's external trade regime is complex, regionalized, discriminatory in nature, and complicated in operation, in practice, it has not retarded trade flows between its most favourable and less favourable trading partners. The study concludes that the pattern of trade preferences EU grants does not necessarily guarantee success in the export performance of the recipients. Verily, various other demand and supply side factors have played an important role in this regard. The empirical evidences, i.e., that the less favourable ones including Pakistan have shown high up export performance as opposed to favourable ones.- are supporting this view. This carries both immense potential opportunities and serious threats for Pakistan in the years to come to cope with. The study suggested that augmented competitiveness of firms seems to be the key to success. It is truism that it is firms, not the countries that compete in the changing EU and international trading environment. This calls for the adoption of a properly designed strategy by the government and firms with a clear vision, hope, motivation and passion. So, government is to provide friendly investment/production and exporting air daring firms to compete on the internal and external porticos. And firms to create access, absorb, and adapt new technologies augmenting their competitiveness.

Today, chemical risk and safety assessments rely heavily on the estimation of environmental fate by models. The key compound‐related properties in such models describe partitioning and reactivity. Uncertainty in determining these properties can be separated into random and systematic (incompleteness) components, requiring different types of representation. Here, we evaluate two approaches that are suitable to treat also systematic errors, fuzzy arithmetic, and probability bounds analysis. When a best estimate (mode) and a range can be computed for an input parameter, then it is possible to characterize the uncertainty with a triangular fuzzy number (possibility distribution) or a corresponding probability box bound by two uniform distributions. We use a five‐compartment Level I fugacity model and reported empirical data from the literature for three well‐known environmental pollutants (benzene, pyrene, and DDT) as illustrative cases for this evaluation. Propagation of uncertainty by discrete probability calculus or interval arithmetic can be done at a low computational cost and gives maximum flexibility in applying different approaches. Our evaluation suggests that the difference between fuzzy arithmetic and probability bounds analysis is small, at least for this specific case. The fuzzy arithmetic approach can, however, be regarded as less conservative than probability bounds analysis if the assumption of independence is removed. Both approaches are sensitive to repeated parameters that may inflate the uncertainty estimate. Uncertainty described by probability boxes was therefore also propagated through the model by Monte Carlo simulation to show how this problem can be avoided.

The current study examines the legitimacy of religio-politico discursive practices prevalent in the novel a case study of exploding mangoes (2008) by Muhammad Hanif. This text is a cut-throat satire on the military interference in state affairs. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used as a major method under the theoretical lens of legitimization theory to execute the study. The major character of the novel, General Zia ul Haq, exercises his powers and controls the government of Pakistan by the takeover of the military forces till his death in an aircraft crash on 17 August 1988 in Bahawalpur. On multiple levels, Hanif reveals the religio-political mechanisms wielded by the titled political and religious stooges. The theory of Legitimization interprets how power structures legalize their authority on social, political, and religious groundings. The study also underscores the religiosity imposed by Zia under the pretext of Islamization in this particular era. The study's objective is to spotlight various doctrines of religio-political machinery used to manipulate the political system in the 1980s.

The ongoing study examines the concept of contingent identities and the fragmented reality in Exit West (2017) through the deconstructive lens. The deconstruction theory holds that language and power structures generate meaning rather than being intrinsic. Employing this paradigm, the research will examine how Hamid depicts people whose identities are in flux, owning to migration, conflict, and the mythical aspect of magical doors, such as Nadia and Saeed. Examining the ruptured realities people encounter as they cross geographical lines and explore imaginative novel settings will further highlight the deconstruction of established identities. The study's objective is to present a powerful lens for understanding the fragmented identities of expatriates in foreign lands. It also reveals the inflictions of fixed identities and exposes the significant confluence of migration on our perceptions.

A crucial part of language competency is understanding social interactions to extract pertinent semantic cues in any expression's implied meaning besides grammatical and strategic competencies (Taguchi, 2011). Teaching of pragmatics is around 40 year older concept (Chen, 2011) while it is teachable (Bardovi,1999). The purpose of any language is communication (Locke, 1975) and avoiding face-threatening responses. Penelope (1987) elaborates on ways that are used to develop positive social interaction. Politeness theory is based on the concept of "face," which refers to a person's sense of self-esteem. Penelope's (1987) "Politeness Theory" has been used in this study as a guiding theoretical framework. A mixed method approach has been adopted for getting real insight into the matter as the development of pragmatics. The study aims to find out the better way of teaching pragmatics and the impact of implicit and explicit teaching on the pragmatic production and awareness of communicative competence (Glaser, 2009).

The study's objective is to present a Marxist interpretation of American society as it is portrayed in Stephen Crane's Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. It was never going to be published because of its eccentricity. Additionally, the story shows the seedy side of life that is full of prostitution, sexual activity, and destitution; all of these things are shown in an unflattering way. Crane's portrayal of a population of impoverished Irish immigrants living in appalling conditions is a striking example of capitalist exploitation and poverty, with low wages, filthy living conditions, and an acute need for immoral activities to survive the harsh industrial revolution era. The work serves as an example of how capitalism and the decline of moral principles are intertwined. The study employs a sociological approach to examine the miserable circumstances of the characters in the novel's social background. A Marxist analysis of the current narrative underscores the detrimental effects of capitalistic monetization, including moral degradation and the dehumanizing effects of the capitalistic economic system. In order to evaluate the core data, the researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach. The supporting data, on the other hand, were gathered from books, papers, journals, internet sites, and other sources.

This research was done to explore the head teachers' transformational leadership style, to see its impact on students' achievement. The descriptive quantitative and survey approach was applied to conduct this research. The data were attained from secondary school teachers about the transformational leadership style of their heads through a five-point questionnaire. The matriculation results of students from sampled schools were also taken to see the effect of the head's leadership style on students' achievements. The purposive sampling method was used to collect data. Eight representative schools were selected from the district Lahore cantonment area and fifteen teachers were selected from each school to collect data and analyse SPSS. The data is presented in frequency distribution tables. Descriptive and influential statistics were applied to infer from data. It revealed that school heads with transformational leadership styles and strict rules regulations clear goals and values had a high effect on students' achievements.