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The ideas of the Bolshevik jurist E. B. Pashukanis, whose main work, The General Theory of Law and Marxism (1924), put forward a theory of law as a form expressing the social relationships established in commodity exchange; hence, law achieves its fullest development & wealth of determinations in the bourgeois epoch. The "cell-form" of the legal system is the subject asserting a claim against another: law arises to mediate such disputes. The rule of law effectively disguises the dominance of the ruling class. Pashukanis held that as commodity exchange relations, or their analogues in the early stages of socialism, disappear, so must law wither away, along with the state, & be replaced by other forms of social regulation; hence, there could be no "proletarian" form of law -- law in Soviet society was a bourgeois survival necessary during the transition to communism. Lenin, in in his State and Revolution incorrectly deduces from such a position that there will be a "bourgeois state without the bourgeoisie." There is no contradiction in supposing that, during the transition to socialism, the proletarian order may give the "bourgeois" form of law an anticapitalist content. AA.

Cover title. ; Caption title: Address of Dr. Williams, retiring president of the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. ; At head of title: College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

The simplified Conjoint Expected Risk (CER) model by Holtgrave and Weber posits that perceived risk is a linear combination of the subjective judgments of the probabilities of harm, benefit, and status quo, and the expected harm and benefit of an activity. It modifies Luce and Weber's original CER model—that uses objective information to evaluate financial gambles—to accommodate activities such as health/technology activities where values of the model variables are subjective. If the simplified model is a valid modification of the original model, its performance should not be sensitive to the use of subjective information. However, because people may evaluate information differently when objective information is provided to them than when they generate information on their own, the performance of the simplified CER model may not be robust to the source of model‐variable information. We compared the use of objective and subjective information, and results indicate that the estimates of the simplified CER model parameters and the proportion of variance in risk judgments accounted for by the model are similar under these two conditions. Thus, the simplified CER model is viable with activities for which harm and benefit information is subjective.

The second volume of Marx's Capital is entitled The Circulation of Capital . Here a collection of original essays, by internationally known scholars, treat its themes, bringing to bear on all its parts the latest textual findings, methodological resources and accumulated knowledge of Marxian theory. The result repairs the unjustified neglect of this volume in the literature on Marx and will awaken new interest in it among economists, philosophers and social theorists.